Neurons Flashcards
what are neurons
nerve cells that transport chemical and electrical signals from around the body and form a massive communication system
what are the 3 types of neurons
senosry, relay and motor
what do neurons form/build up
the nervous systems
what are sensory neurons
neurons that carry nerve impulses to the spinal cord and brain
where are sensory neurons found
in receptor cells such as eyes and skin
what are the nerve impulses translated to in the sensory neurons
sensations such as vision and touch
what happens to the sensory neurons which allows for quick reflex actions
not all sensory neurons reach the brain as some stop at the spinal cord
what is the role of the relay neuron
allow communication between the sensory and motor neurons
where are the relay neurons found
in between the sensory input and motor output, which is in the brain and spinal cord
what are motor neurons
controls muscle movements
where is the motor neuron located
in the CNS
what happens when the motor neurons are stimulated
they release neurotransmitters that bind to the receptors on muscles to trigger a response
what is the role of all the neurons to work together
to create a response from a stimuli
give an example of a stimuli
a fly ticking your arm (other appropriate answers can work too)
what happens when the stimuli come in contact with you
your receptor passes sesnsory info from our somatic NS to the CNS
what happens when the CNS recieves the info from the somatic somatic NS
our CNS sends relay reurons to pass on the message to the motor neurons
what happens onces the motor neuron receives the message from the relay neurons
they transmit electrica impulses from our somatic NS to our effectors
what are effectors
muscle or glands that produce a response
give an example of a response
brushing your skin after fly tickled you (other appropriate answers can work too)
what are the parts of a neuron we need to know
soma (cell body), nucleus, dendrite, axon, myeline sheath, node of ranvier and axon terminal
what is a soma
its the main cell body which contains a nucleus
what is the nucleus
holds genetic information of the cell
where is the nucleus located
soma (cell body)
what are dendrites
receive signals from other neurons or sensory receptor cells.
where are dendrites typically found
The dendrites are typically connected to the cell body
what is an axon
a long slender fibre that carries nerve impulses in the form of an electrical signal known as action potential
what is action potential
when nerve impulses are carriedin the form of electrical signals
what are Nodes of Ranvier
they are gaps in the axon and the speed up transmission by forcing a jump across the axon
what is the myelin sheath
it insulates the axon so that the electrical impulses travel faster along the axon
where is the myelin sheath found
surrounding the axon of the neurons
what are axon terminals
transmitters that connect the neurons to the other neurons or to organs through a process called synaptic transmission
what process do axon terminals use
synaptic transmission
how is an electrical impulse created
by the neurons inside of the cell becoming positively charged for a split second causing action potential to occur
when is the neuron negatively charged
when in a resting state inside the cell
when is the neuron positively charged
when the neuron is activated
how does the electrical impulse travel along the neuron
ravels down the axon toward the end of the neuron
