Localisattion Of Function Flashcards
What is localisation of function
It is the idea that certain functions (e.g. language, memory, etc.) have certain locations within the brain
What is the localisation vs holistic theory
Before the 19th century, psychologists adopted a holistic theory of the brain – all parts of the brain were thought to be involved in processing of thought and action but its is believed that damage to certain locations of the brain can cause damage to retain function s
What are the 2 hemispheres of the brain
Left and right
What is lateralisation
The idea that some functions are dominated by one hemisphere
What is the cerebral cortex
outer layer of both hemispheres and its a 3mm layer covering the inner parts of the brain
What is t he cerebral cortex of post hemispheres divided into
4 lobes- frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal
What is the function of the left hemisphere of the brain
Language function
What is the function of the right hemisphere of the brain
Processing emotions and memory
What side of the body does the left hemisphere control
Right
What else is the left hemisphere known as
Linear thinking model
Why is the left hemisphere known as linear thinking model
Because it deals with language, scientific and mathematical skills, logic, analytics, reasoning ect
What side of the body does the right hemisphere control
Left
What is the right hemisphere also known as
Holistic thinking model
Why is the right hemisphere known as holistic thinking model
processing information within a broader context rather than fixating on isolated details
What is the right hemisphere responsible for
Creativity, imagination, emotion, intuition, dimensions, spatial awareness, ect
What is the role of the occipital lobe
Location for vision
What is the role of the parietal lobe
Sensory and motor movement
What is the role of the frontal lobe
awareness of what we are doing within our environment (our consciousness)
What is the role of the temporal lobe
auditory ability and memory acquisition
What are the 4 parts of each lobe that we need to know of
Motor, somatosensory, visual and auditory
Where is the motor area
Back of frontal lobe
What is the role of the motor area
Responsible for voluntary motor movement and the muscles
What does damage to the motor area lead to
Loss of control over fine motor movements
Where is somatosensory area
Parietal lobes along the post centralgyrus
What is the role of somatosensory area
Detects sensory events from different regions of the body and produces a type of sensation such as pain pressure ect
Which hemisphere has the somatosensory cortex
Both
Where is the visual area located
Visual cortex in the occipital lobe
Which hemisphere has the visual cortex
Both
What is the role of the visual cortex
Process different types of visual information such as movement, colour ect
Explain the process of visual processing
.Begins in retina (light enters and strikes the photoreceptors (rods
and cones).
.Nerve impulses from the retina travel to areas of the brain via the optic nerve.
.Most terminate in the thalamus, this acts as a relay station passing info to visual cortex.
Where is the auditory area located
Temporal lobes on both sides where the auditory cortex is
What is the role of the auditory area
Concerned with hearing and processing auditory info
Explain the process of auditory processing
● Begins in cochlea in inner ear, sound waves are converted to nerve impulses
● These travel via the auditory nerve to the auditory cortex
● Pit stop at the brainstem where basic decoding happens e.g. the duration and intensity of sound
● Then on to thalamus which acts as a relay station and carries out further processing of auditory stimulus
● Last stop is at the auditory cortex where an appropriate response could be carried out
Where are the language centres located
Left hemisphere
What are the 2 language centres called
Bro as area and Wernicks area
What was Broca’s area based on
A study mainly done on a patient who was unable to speak but did understand language
8 other patients were studied with similar language deficits and lessons in their left frontal hemisphere
What did Broca see with patients with damage to their right frontal hemisphere and what did this lead to
They didn’t have the same problems and this meant that Broca identified that the left frontal hemisphere was a language centre which is essential for speech productions
What did Fedorekno find about Broca’s area
That they’re are 2 regions:
.language region
.response to demanding cognitive tasks
What does damage to Broca’s area cause
Brocas aphasia
What is Broca’s aphasia
characterised by speech that is slow and lacking in
fluency & Broca’s patients may have difficulty finding words
Where is Wernickes area
Back of the left temporal lobe
What were Wernickes patients unable and able to do
Could speak but couldn’t understand language
What did Wernicke propose about language
involved separate motor and sensory regions located in different cortical regions
What is the sensory region close to and what does this suggest
The mouth and vocal chords hence why if its damaged, the patients aren’t able to speak properly hence why Brocas patients couldn’t speak
What is the sensory region close to and what does this suggest
close to the regions of the brain responsible for auditory and visual input and this could suggest that when damaged, understanding of information around them and language can’t be understand hence why Wernickes patients couldn’t understand
What is the neural loops between Brocas and Werbicles area called
Accurate Fasciculus
Where does the arcuate fasciculus run through
between Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area
What is Broca’s area responsible for
Language production
What is Wernickes area responsible for
Spoken language
