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PSYCH Biopsych > Localisattion Of Function > Flashcards

Localisattion Of Function Flashcards

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1
Q

What is localisation of function

A

It is the idea that certain functions (e.g. language, memory, etc.) have certain locations within the brain

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2
Q

What is the localisation vs holistic theory

A

Before the 19th century, psychologists adopted a holistic theory of the brain – all parts of the brain were thought to be involved in processing of thought and action but its is believed that damage to certain locations of the brain can cause damage to retain function s

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3
Q

What are the 2 hemispheres of the brain

A

Left and right

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4
Q

What is lateralisation

A

The idea that some functions are dominated by one hemisphere

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5
Q

What is the cerebral cortex

A

outer layer of both hemispheres and its a 3mm layer covering the inner parts of the brain

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6
Q

What is t he cerebral cortex of post hemispheres divided into

A

4 lobes- frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal

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7
Q

What is the function of the left hemisphere of the brain

A

Language function

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8
Q

What is the function of the right hemisphere of the brain

A

Processing emotions and memory

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9
Q

What side of the body does the left hemisphere control

A

Right

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10
Q

What else is the left hemisphere known as

A

Linear thinking model

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11
Q

Why is the left hemisphere known as linear thinking model

A

Because it deals with language, scientific and mathematical skills, logic, analytics, reasoning ect

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12
Q

What side of the body does the right hemisphere control

A

Left

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13
Q

What is the right hemisphere also known as

A

Holistic thinking model

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14
Q

Why is the right hemisphere known as holistic thinking model

A

processing information within a broader context rather than fixating on isolated details

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15
Q

What is the right hemisphere responsible for

A

Creativity, imagination, emotion, intuition, dimensions, spatial awareness, ect

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16
Q

What is the role of the occipital lobe

A

Location for vision

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17
Q

What is the role of the parietal lobe

A

Sensory and motor movement

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18
Q

What is the role of the frontal lobe

A

awareness of what we are doing within our environment (our consciousness)

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19
Q

What is the role of the temporal lobe

A

auditory ability and memory acquisition

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20
Q

What are the 4 parts of each lobe that we need to know of

A

Motor, somatosensory, visual and auditory

21
Q

Where is the motor area

A

Back of frontal lobe

22
Q

What is the role of the motor area

A

Responsible for voluntary motor movement and the muscles

23
Q

What does damage to the motor area lead to

A

Loss of control over fine motor movements

24
Q

Where is somatosensory area

A

Parietal lobes along the post centralgyrus

25
Q

What is the role of somatosensory area

A

Detects sensory events from different regions of the body and produces a type of sensation such as pain pressure ect

26
Q

Which hemisphere has the somatosensory cortex

A

Both

27
Q

Where is the visual area located

A

Visual cortex in the occipital lobe

28
Q

Which hemisphere has the visual cortex

A

Both

29
Q

What is the role of the visual cortex

A

Process different types of visual information such as movement, colour ect

30
Q

Explain the process of visual processing

A

.Begins in retina (light enters and strikes the photoreceptors (rods
and cones).
.Nerve impulses from the retina travel to areas of the brain via the optic nerve.
.Most terminate in the thalamus, this acts as a relay station passing info to visual cortex.

31
Q

Where is the auditory area located

A

Temporal lobes on both sides where the auditory cortex is

32
Q

What is the role of the auditory area

A

Concerned with hearing and processing auditory info

33
Q

Explain the process of auditory processing

A

● Begins in cochlea in inner ear, sound waves are converted to nerve impulses
● These travel via the auditory nerve to the auditory cortex
● Pit stop at the brainstem where basic decoding happens e.g. the duration and intensity of sound
● Then on to thalamus which acts as a relay station and carries out further processing of auditory stimulus
● Last stop is at the auditory cortex where an appropriate response could be carried out

34
Q

Where are the language centres located

A

Left hemisphere

35
Q

What are the 2 language centres called

A

Bro as area and Wernicks area

36
Q

What was Broca’s area based on

A

A study mainly done on a patient who was unable to speak but did understand language

8 other patients were studied with similar language deficits and lessons in their left frontal hemisphere

37
Q

What did Broca see with patients with damage to their right frontal hemisphere and what did this lead to

A

They didn’t have the same problems and this meant that Broca identified that the left frontal hemisphere was a language centre which is essential for speech productions

38
Q

What did Fedorekno find about Broca’s area

A

That they’re are 2 regions:
.language region
.response to demanding cognitive tasks

39
Q

What does damage to Broca’s area cause

A

Brocas aphasia

40
Q

What is Broca’s aphasia

A

characterised by speech that is slow and lacking in
fluency & Broca’s patients may have difficulty finding words

41
Q

Where is Wernickes area

A

Back of the left temporal lobe

42
Q

What were Wernickes patients unable and able to do

A

Could speak but couldn’t understand language

43
Q

What did Wernicke propose about language

A

involved separate motor and sensory regions located in different cortical regions

44
Q

What is the sensory region close to and what does this suggest

A

The mouth and vocal chords hence why if its damaged, the patients aren’t able to speak properly hence why Brocas patients couldn’t speak

45
Q

What is the sensory region close to and what does this suggest

A

close to the regions of the brain responsible for auditory and visual input and this could suggest that when damaged, understanding of information around them and language can’t be understand hence why Wernickes patients couldn’t understand

46
Q

What is the neural loops between Brocas and Werbicles area called

A

Accurate Fasciculus

47
Q

Where does the arcuate fasciculus run through

A

between Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area

48
Q

What is Broca’s area responsible for

A

Language production

49
Q

What is Wernickes area responsible for

A

Spoken language

PSYCH Biopsych (11 decks)

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