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Neuron Structure & F(x) (PP6) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of dendrites?

A

Receptive region

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2
Q

What is the function of the soma?

A

Life source of the neuron

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3
Q

What is the function of the axon hillock?

A

Sets the pace for the action potentials

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4
Q

What are telodendria?

A

branches at end of axon

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5
Q

What is the function of the axon terminals?

A

House vesicles containing NT- secretory region

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6
Q

What is the myelin sheath?

A

Tissue covering sections of the axon.

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7
Q

What is saltatory conduction?

A

When the electrical impulse jumps from node to node due to the presence of myelin sheath.

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8
Q

What cell produces myelin sheath in the PNS?

A

Schwann cells

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9
Q

What cells produce myelin in the CNS?

A

Oligodendrocytes

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10
Q

What is the specific space between a neuron and muscle fiber?

A

Neuromuscular Junction

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11
Q

What is the structure and f(x) of a Bipolar neuron?

A

1 dendrite and 1 axon
Special senses (vision and smell)

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12
Q

What is the structure and f(x) of a Multipolar neuron?

A

1 axon with many dendrites
Motor neurons

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13
Q

What is the structure and f(x) of a Unipolar neuron?

A

1 process from the soma divides into 2 processes
sensory neurons

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14
Q

What are the characteristics of a neuron

A

Extreme longevity
Amitotic
High metabolic rate
Irritable

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15
Q

What is irritability?

A

The ability to respond to stimulus

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16
Q

What is a neuron?

A

functional unit of the system

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17
Q

What is a neuroglia?

A

supporting nervous cell

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18
Q

What are the f(x) of neuroglia?

A

Support and structure
Insulate and protect from adjacent neurons
Promote health and growth

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19
Q

What neuroglia are in the CNS?

A

Oligodendrocytes (produce myelin)
Microglia (migrate and phagocytize)
Ependymal (line ventricles of brain & spinal fluid)
Astrocytes (clear K+ & NT, promote growth in utero, provide glucose)

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20
Q

What neuroglia are present in the PNS?

A

Schwann cells (produce myelin)
Satellite cells (support cell body w/in glia)

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21
Q

What is a nerve tract?

A

Bundle of nerves in the CNS

22
Q

What is a nerve?

A

Bundle of nerves in the PNS

23
Q

Define Somatic

A

voluntary response/movement

24
Q

Define Autonomic

A

involuntary response

25
Where are ligand-gated channels located and what is needed to open them?
Located in dendrites and cell body Need NT (chemicals) to open/receive message
26
Where are voltage-gated channels located and what is needed to open them?
Located in the axon and axon hillock Need ions to meet threshold to open
27
What voltage is resting potential?
-70mV
28
What is the ion concentration differences between inside and outside a cell?
Na+: 150 Out, 15 In K+: 5 Out, 150 In Cl-: 110 Out, 7 In
29
How does the resting membrane potential change?
graded potential
30
What are the 2 types of graded potentials?
EPSP IPSP
31
What is EPSP stand for?
Excitatory PostSynaptic Potential
32
What does IPSP stand for?
Inhibitory PostSynaptic Potential
33
What is the result of an EPSP
depolarization of the membrane, resulting in the action potential continuing down the axon.
34
What is the result of an IPSP?
The hyperpolarization of the membrane, which INHIBITS the electrical impulse from continuing down the axon.
35
What is the threshold voltage
approximately -55mV
36
What is the All-or-None Law?
If the voltage is even 1 mV less than the threshold, the membrane voltage-gated channels will not open and the action potential is stopped.
37
What potential is associated with voltage gated channels
action potential
38
What potential is associated with ligand-gated channels
graded potentials
39
What ions pass through voltage-gated channels
Na+ and K+
40
What ions pass through ligand-gated channels
Na+, K+, and Cl-
41
What does a stronger stimulus to a neuron do?
Causes the action potential to occur more frequently OR stimulates more neurons
42
Define summation
The addition of stimuli to a graded potential before it fades to add/continue the depolarization.
43
With which potential does the amplitude vary?
Graded
44
With which potential is summation possible?
graded
45
Which potential has a refractory period?
action
46
Which potential has a minimum threshold?
action
47
What is graded potential initiated by?
Environmental stimulus
48
What is action potential stimulated by?
graded potential
49
What are the 4 excitatory NT?
Acetylcholine Epinephrine Norepinephrine Substance P
50
What are 3 inhibitory NT?
Glycine Endorphins GABA
51
What are the 3 ways NT leave the synapse
Diffusion Reuptake Degradation

Ppl A&P (6 decks)

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