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Neuron Structure & F(x) (PP6) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of dendrites?

A

Receptive region

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2
Q

What is the function of the soma?

A

Life source of the neuron

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3
Q

What is the function of the axon hillock?

A

Sets the pace for the action potentials

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4
Q

What are telodendria?

A

branches at end of axon

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5
Q

What is the function of the axon terminals?

A

House vesicles containing NT- secretory region

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6
Q

What is the myelin sheath?

A

Tissue covering sections of the axon.

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7
Q

What is saltatory conduction?

A

When the electrical impulse jumps from node to node due to the presence of myelin sheath.

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8
Q

What cell produces myelin sheath in the PNS?

A

Schwann cells

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9
Q

What cells produce myelin in the CNS?

A

Oligodendrocytes

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10
Q

What is the specific space between a neuron and muscle fiber?

A

Neuromuscular Junction

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11
Q

What is the structure and f(x) of a Bipolar neuron?

A

1 dendrite and 1 axon
Special senses (vision and smell)

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12
Q

What is the structure and f(x) of a Multipolar neuron?

A

1 axon with many dendrites
Motor neurons

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13
Q

What is the structure and f(x) of a Unipolar neuron?

A

1 process from the soma divides into 2 processes
sensory neurons

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14
Q

What are the characteristics of a neuron

A

Extreme longevity
Amitotic
High metabolic rate
Irritable

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15
Q

What is irritability?

A

The ability to respond to stimulus

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16
Q

What is a neuron?

A

functional unit of the system

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17
Q

What is a neuroglia?

A

supporting nervous cell

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18
Q

What are the f(x) of neuroglia?

A

Support and structure
Insulate and protect from adjacent neurons
Promote health and growth

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19
Q

What neuroglia are in the CNS?

A

Oligodendrocytes (produce myelin)
Microglia (migrate and phagocytize)
Ependymal (line ventricles of brain & spinal fluid)
Astrocytes (clear K+ & NT, promote growth in utero, provide glucose)

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20
Q

What neuroglia are present in the PNS?

A

Schwann cells (produce myelin)
Satellite cells (support cell body w/in glia)

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21
Q

What is a nerve tract?

A

Bundle of nerves in the CNS

22
Q

What is a nerve?

A

Bundle of nerves in the PNS

23
Q

Define Somatic

A

voluntary response/movement

24
Q

Define Autonomic

A

involuntary response

25
Q

Where are ligand-gated channels located and what is needed to open them?

A

Located in dendrites and cell body
Need NT (chemicals) to open/receive message

26
Q

Where are voltage-gated channels located and what is needed to open them?

A

Located in the axon and axon hillock
Need ions to meet threshold to open

27
Q

What voltage is resting potential?

28
Q

What is the ion concentration differences between inside and outside a cell?

A

Na+: 150 Out, 15 In
K+: 5 Out, 150 In
Cl-: 110 Out, 7 In

29
Q

How does the resting membrane potential change?

A

graded potential

30
Q

What are the 2 types of graded potentials?

31
Q

What is EPSP stand for?

A

Excitatory PostSynaptic Potential

32
Q

What does IPSP stand for?

A

Inhibitory PostSynaptic Potential

33
Q

What is the result of an EPSP

A

depolarization of the membrane, resulting in the action potential continuing down the axon.

34
Q

What is the result of an IPSP?

A

The hyperpolarization of the membrane, which INHIBITS the electrical impulse from continuing down the axon.

35
Q

What is the threshold voltage

A

approximately -55mV

36
Q

What is the All-or-None Law?

A

If the voltage is even 1 mV less than the threshold, the membrane voltage-gated channels will not open and the action potential is stopped.

37
Q

What potential is associated with voltage gated channels

A

action potential

38
Q

What potential is associated with ligand-gated channels

A

graded potentials

39
Q

What ions pass through voltage-gated channels

A

Na+ and K+

40
Q

What ions pass through ligand-gated channels

A

Na+, K+, and Cl-

41
Q

What does a stronger stimulus to a neuron do?

A

Causes the action potential to occur more frequently
OR
stimulates more neurons

42
Q

Define summation

A

The addition of stimuli to a graded potential before it fades to add/continue the depolarization.

43
Q

With which potential does the amplitude vary?

44
Q

With which potential is summation possible?

45
Q

Which potential has a refractory period?

46
Q

Which potential has a minimum threshold?

47
Q

What is graded potential initiated by?

A

Environmental stimulus

48
Q

What is action potential stimulated by?

A

graded potential

49
Q

What are the 4 excitatory NT?

A

Acetylcholine
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Substance P

50
Q

What are 3 inhibitory NT?

A

Glycine
Endorphins
GABA

51
Q

What are the 3 ways NT leave the synapse

A

Diffusion
Reuptake
Degradation

Ppl A&P (6 decks)

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