Final

Question 1

superficial mechanoreceptors

Answer 1

free nerve endings
meissner’s corpuscle
pacinian corpuscle

Question 2

deep mechanoreceptors

Answer 2

proprioceptors

Question 3

what are the pain receptors

Answer 3

nociceptors

Question 4

superficial chemoreceptors

Answer 4

taste in tongue
smell in nose

Question 5

deep chemoreceptors

Answer 5

osmoreceptors in BV and kidneys

Question 6

where do touch receptors integrate into?

Answer 6

somesthetic cortex in the parietal lobe

Question 7

What areas have the greatest number of touch receptors>

Answer 7

fingertips
lips
genetalia

Question 8

Hyperesthesia

Answer 8

increased sensitivity

Question 9

Hypoalgesia

Answer 9

diminished sensitivity to pain

Question 10

neuropathy

Answer 10

peripheral somatic nerves destroyed and can’t send the AP signal

Question 11

Pain receptor pathway

Answer 11

dorsal horn
interneurons
1st order neuron
2nd order neuron
spinothalamic tract
decussate
thalamus
somatosensory area

Question 12

what type of potential is used with nociceptors

Answer 12

Graded
chemicals H+ and ATP

Question 13

What do rods do with light

Answer 13

depolarize

Question 14

what do cones do with light

Answer 14

hyperpolarize

Question 15

neural pathway for general senses

Answer 15

1st order
2nd order
spinothalamic (pain, temp, touch, tickle, pressure)
dorsal column (proprioception, touch, vibration)
Spinocerebellar (proprioception)
3rd order neurons

Question 16

What is referred pain

Answer 16

perceived pain close to the site of injury d/t interconnecting nerves

Question 17

dermatones

Answer 17

refer pain to muscle and skin since nociceptors are superficial

Question 18

Olfactory uses ____ receptors

Answer 18

bipolar: 1 dendrite 1 axon

Question 19

where are olfactory receptors located?

Answer 19

superior and middle nasal conchae

Question 20

how long do olfactory nerves live

Answer 20

2 months

Question 21

where does the olfactory system end

Answer 21

limbic system

Question 22

where are taste receptors located?

Answer 22

tongue
soft palate
throat

Question 23

5 primary tastes

Answer 23

sour
bitter
sweet
salt
umami

Question 24

what nerves carry taste impulses

Answer 24

CN VII
CNIX
CNX

Question 25

taste bud types

Answer 25

vallate fungiform foliate

Question 26

Vallate perceives...

Answer 26

flavors

Question 27

fungiform detects...

Answer 27

flavors and temperature

Question 28

foliate perceives...

Answer 28

taste sensation

Question 29

What is the posterior central tongue most sensitive to

Answer 29

bitterness

Question 30

taste transduction pathway

Answer 30

CN VII, IX, X Medulla oblongata thalamus Insula tongue region of somatosensory OR frontal lobe for flavor perception

Question 31

middle ear includes

Answer 31

tympanic membrane auditory tube auditory ossicles

Question 32

What are the auditory ossicles

Answer 32

malleus incus stapes

Question 33

oval window

Answer 33

conducts vibration via stapes through to cochlea

Question 34

round window

Answer 34

conducts vibrations from cochlea back to middle ear

Question 35

Path of sound waves

Answer 35

pinna external auditory canal tympanic membrane malleus incus stapes oval indow cochles round window

Question 36

sound info is received by

Answer 36

primary auditory area in temporal lobe

Question 37

sound info interpreted by

Answer 37

wernicke's area (temporal) common integrative area (parietal)

Question 38

Hearing Conduction deficit

Answer 38

Sound can't be conducted to inner ear tx: hearing aid ex: ruptured eardrum, otitis media

Question 39

nerve deficit

Answer 39

damage to stereocilia d/t long term loud noises tx: cochlear implant

Question 40

static equilibrium

Answer 40

detects linear head movement to maintain balance receptors in vestibule otolith crystals!

Question 41

dynamic equilibrium

Answer 41

rotational change in head to maintain balance receptors in semicircular canals ampulla at base contain the hair receptors that feel the cupula move

Question 42

static and dynamic equilibrium info go through the ___ nerve

Answer 42

CN VIII- vestibulocochlear nerve

Question 43

BPPV- Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

Answer 43

otoliths displaced- false feeling of movement

Question 44

what % of sensory receptors are in the eyes

Answer 44

70%

Question 45

Conjunctivitis

Answer 45

pink eye

Question 46

fibrous tunic

Answer 46

sclera cornea

Question 47

vascular tunic

Answer 47

choroid ciliary body iris

Question 48

Nervous tuinc

Answer 48

pigmented and neural layers retina

Question 49

choroid

Answer 49

supple O2 and nutrients to retina and absorb ectraneous light

Question 50

ciliary body

Answer 50

control lens shape and secrete aqueous humor

Question 51

optic disc

Answer 51

part of retina void of photoreceptors

Question 52

macula lutea

Answer 52

round yellow region lat to disc

Question 53

fovea centralis

Answer 53

depressed area in macula lutea has mostly cones

Question 54

peripheral retina

Answer 54

primarily rods

Question 55

eye emergency

Answer 55

retina pulled from pigmented layer

Question 56

glaucoma

Answer 56

increased pressure d/t increase aqueous humor

Question 57

cataracts

Answer 57

d/t clumped proteins in your lens

Question 58

near vision

Answer 58

lens rounded ciliary contracted ligaments relaxed pupil constricted

Question 59

far vision

Answer 59

lens flattened ciliary relaxed ligaments tense pupil dilated

Question 60

& red

Answer 60

66%

Question 61

% green

Answer 61

32%

Question 62

%blue

Answer 62

2%

Question 63

vision ap pathway

Answer 63

r/c bipolar cells ganglion cells thalamus cortex

Question 64

glutamate

Answer 64

less when bright more whne dark

Question 65

hyperopia

Answer 65

far sightedness focused behind retina

Question 66

myopia

Answer 66

near sightedness focused in fron of retina

Question 67

presbyopia

Answer 67

occurs with age

Question 68

amblyyopia

Answer 68

lazy eye

Question 69

strabismus

Answer 69

cross eyed