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Ppl A&P > Muscular System (PP7) > Flashcards

Muscular System (PP7) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 muscle fiber coverings?

A

Epimysium
Endomysium
Perimysium

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2
Q

What is the function of skeletal muscles

A

Support, Stabilize, Protect
Body movement
Assist in lymph and cardiovascular vessels
Thermoregulation

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3
Q

What does the endomysium cover?

A

Individual muscle fibers

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4
Q

What does the perimysium cover?

A

Fascicles; groups of muscle fibers

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5
Q

What does the epimysium cover?

A

An entire muscle

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6
Q

What does a tendon connect?

A

Muscle to bone

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7
Q

What does a ligament connect?

A

bone to bone

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8
Q

What gives muscle the striated appearance?

A

contractile proteins

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9
Q

Define Origin

A

the muscle attachment on the less moveable bone

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10
Q

Define insertion

A

muscle attachment on the more moveable bone

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11
Q

Define sarcolemma

A

plasma membrane of a fiber

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12
Q

What are myofibrils

A

bundles of myofilaments that run the length of the fiber

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13
Q

Define sarcomere

A

the contraction unit of muscle that make up the myofibrils
actin & myosin

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14
Q

What occurs to the origin and insertion during contraction?

A

The insertion moves toward the origin

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15
Q

What is the function of T tubules

A

extensors of sarcolemma that extend into fibers to increase AP contraction

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16
Q

What is the function of Actin

A

Attract Ca2+ (troponin)
Cover binding sites for myosin when at rest (tropomyosin)

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17
Q

What is the function of myosin

A

Heads bind to actin to do shit

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18
Q

What is the f(x) of the Sarcoplasmic reticulum?

A

store and release Ca2+

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19
Q

What are the 3 energy systems

A

Creatine phosphate
Anaerobic glycolysis
Aerobic phosphorylation

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20
Q

What is a cross bridge

A

Myosin head bound to actin

21
Q

What does the action potential impact

A

Ca2+ release

22
Q

How much ATP is gained from creatine phosphate?

23
Q

With what form of exercise is creatine phosphate used?

A

Sprinting, weight lifting
High intensity, short term exercise
(15s of contraction)

24
Q

What is the result of glycolysis?

A

2 ATP
2 Pyruvic acid
(minutes of contraction)

25
When is glycolysis used in exercise?
When exercise exceeds 70% ATP production
26
What is produced in glycolysis when no O2 is present
pyruvic acid --> lactic acid
27
What is the f(x) of lactic acid?
restore CP supply reoxygenate myoglobin
28
Define muscle fatigue
The inability for muscle to maintain strength of contraction after use d/t lack of energy
29
What is the net ATP production of phosphorylation
36 ATP (hours of energy)
30
What is a twitch contraction?
requires 1 ATP the contraction and relaxation of a single muscle fiber
31
Explain what occurs at each stage of a twitch contraction
Latent: the period b/w neuron activation and muscle contraction Contraction: Increase tension & sarcomere shortens Relaxation: cross bridge released, sarcomere lengthens, Ca2+ pumped back to SR
32
What does tensile force depend on?
The number of impulses/sec recruitment
33
Define recruitment
the cooperation of multiple muscle fibers contracting simultaneously
34
Define Muscle Tone
the resting tension of skeletal muscles to maintain bone and joint stabilization when not recruited
35
What happens to the sarcomere and tension in isometric contraction and provide and example.
Sarcomere stays the same length Tension increases Holding a book
36
What happens to the sarcomere and tension in isotonic contraction and provide and example.
Sarcomere changes length tension remains the same flexion and extension
37
What are the 2 types of isotonic contraction?
Eccentric & concentric
38
What is Eccentric contraction?
extension: muscle lengthens but tension stays same
39
What is concentric contraction?
flexion; muscle shortens but tension remains the same
40
How do you increase tensile force?
Summation and Recruitment
41
Why do muscles get sore?
microtears/traumas to muscle fibers
42
What does DOMS stand for?
Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness
43
What are the specific causes of muscle fatigue?
Decreased Ca2+ release from SR Depletion of CP, O2, glycogen, etc. change of acidity d/t lactic acid accumulation cross bridge inhibition excitation coupling failure
44
What are the 3 Muscle Fiber Types?
IA/SO: Slow Oxidative IIA/FOG: Fast Oxidative Glycolytic IIX/FG: Fast Glycolytic
45
Describe Slow Oxidative Fibers (diameter, mitochondria, capillaries, energy production, where they're found, purpose)
small diameter tons of mitochondria large capillary bed dark meats mainly use aerobic respiration found in posture muscles Built for endurance!
46
Describe Fast Oxidative Glycolytic Fibers (diameter, mitochondria, capillaries, energy production, where they're found, purpose)
Intermediate diameter Mostly aerobic but switch to anaerobic when no O2 Tons of mitochondria Moderate glycogen storage High myoglobin levels
47
Describe Fast Glycolytic Fibers (diameter, mitochondria, capillaries, energy production, where they're found, purpose)
large diameter mostly myofibrils low myoglobin and mitochondria mainly use anaerobic respiration built for powerful, rapid contractions
48
How do you know if a fiber will provide more endurance?
increased capillary beds and mitochondria (larger O2 source and ATP production)
49
How do you know if a fiber is built more for strength?
larger diameter = more strength

Ppl A&P (6 decks)

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