Neuromuscular Terminology (course Manual)

Question 1

Agnosia

Answer 1

Inability to recognize familiar objects with one form of sensation.
(Visual agnosia)

Question 2

Akinesia

Answer 2

Inability to initiate movement

Question 3

Aphasia

Answer 3

Disturbance to language that results in errors in word choice, comprehension, or syntax.

Question 4

Broca’s Aphasia

Answer 4

Expressive
Difficulty in verbal expression with impairment in object naming and writing abilities

• most common with RIGHT hemiplegia (left CVA, left MCA)
• use yes or no questions

AKA: non-fluent or motor aphasia

Question 5

Global Aphasia

Answer 5

Most common and severe form
Reduced speech and comprehension
Reading and writing are also impaired

• MCA (esp LEFT MCA)
• use symbolic gestures in management

Question 6

Wernicke’s Aphasia

Answer 6

Receptive Aphasia
Disturbance in auditory comprehension
Reading, writing, word recognition are impaired

*MCA (left), use tactile cues and word reputation in management

Question 7

Apraxia

Answer 7

Inability to perform certain movements previously learned even though there is no loss of strength, coordination, sensation, or comprehension

Question 8

Ideational apraxia

Answer 8

No longer gets the “idea” of how to do a routine or task (brushing teeth, washing hands)

Question 9

Ideomotor apraxia

Answer 9

Can’t do a task on command, but can do it spontaneously

Question 10

Astereognosis

Answer 10

Can’t recognize objects by touch alone

Question 11

Asynergia

Answer 11

Inability to move muscles together in a coordinated manner

Question 12

Ataxia

Answer 12

Uncoordinated movement, especially gait

Question 13

Athetosis

Answer 13

Slow, involuntary, worm like, twisting motions. Usually seen in forms of CP

Question 14

Causalgia

Answer 14

Burning sensations (painful)
Often associated with CRPS type 1

Question 15

Cheyne-Stokes Respiration

Answer 15

Bizarre breathing pattern characterized by:

• period of apnea lasting 10-60s
• followed by gradually increasing, then decreasing depth and frequency of respiration
• accompanies depression of frontal lobe and diencephalic dysfunction
• thought to be a result of abnormality in respiration center of the brain
• **TBI, CHF

Question 16

Chorea

Answer 16

Rapid, involuntary, Jerky movements

*huntingtons

Question 17

Clonus

Answer 17

Rhythmic oscillation of a muscle in response to sustained stretch in patients with UMN lesion

Question 18

Decerebrate Rigidity

Answer 18

Contraction of extensor muscles of Upper and Lower limbs

** injury at BRAINSTEM level

Question 19

Decorticate Rigidity

Answer 19

Contraction of flexor muscles of the upper limbs but extension of the lower limbs

Question 20

Delirium

Answer 20

Temporary confusion and loss of mental function

Illness, drug toxicity, lack of oxygen

Reversible (usually)

Question 21

Dementia

Answer 21

Loss of memory or intellectual functioning

Could be reversible (medications, drugs, toxins, metabolic/psychic disorders)

Often slowly progressive and non reversible (alcoholism, Alzheimer’s, infarction, Parkinson’s)

Question 22

Dysmetria

Answer 22

Inability to judge distances

**cerebellar dysfunctions

Question 23

Glove and stocking anesthesia

Answer 23

Distal portions of the nerves degenerate resulting in anesthesia of the distal extremities in a pattern as if the patient was wearing long gloves and stockings

• can occur in generalized peripheral neuropathy
• occasionally in GBS

Question 24

Herpes Zoster

Answer 24

Shingles

Painful inflammation of posterior root ganglion, caused by a virus, resulting in formation of vesicles (fluid filled sacs) along the course of the nerve

*dermatomal pattern

Question 25

Horner’s syndrome

Answer 25

Ptosis of the eyelid, constriction of the pupil, and lack of sweating all in the IPSILATERAL face

*often due to stroke involving anterior inferior or posterior inferior cerebellar arteries

Question 26

Morton’s Neuroma

Answer 26

Excessive pronation in stance –> compression between 3rd and 4th metatarsals –> nerve enlarges –> neuroma formation on interdigital nerve –> metatarsalgia

Question 27

Nerve Conduction Velocity Test (latency v velocity)

Answer 27

Latency: time it takes for nerve conduction to travel between 2 points

Velocity: speed at which nerve conduction travels between 2 points

If nerve is compressed or damaged, latency will be increased, velocity will be decreased

Question 28

Nystagmus

Answer 28

Rapid movement of eyeball

Question 29

Reciprocal inhibition

Answer 29

Inhibition of muscles antagonistic to those being facilitated

** essential for coordinated movement

Question 30

Romberg’s sign

Answer 30

Loss of balance in standing with the eyes closed

Question 31

Somatagnosia

Answer 31

Lack of awareness to ones own body parts or the body parts of others

Question 32

Vegetative state

Answer 32

Deep coma with abnormal posturing

Pt may not have rehab potential if this state persists

Question 33

Visual acuity

Answer 33

SHARPNESS of vision
Decreases with age
Affected by diabetes

If decreased ability to adapt to dark or light environments, consider color contrasts for safe ambulation

Question 34

Homonymous hemianopsia

Answer 34

Deficit to either the right or left halves of the visual field

** lesion to CONTRALATERAL OPTIC TRACT

Question 35

Bitemporal hemianopsia

Answer 35

“Tunnel vision”
Deficit to temporal (peripheral) visual fields
**injury to the OPTIC CHIASM

Question 36

One eye blindness (monocular blindness)

Answer 36

Result of damage to the optic nerve