Chp 3- Laboratory Tests And Values Flashcards
What is the primary measured of myocardial infarction?
Rise and fall of cardiac troponin > 99th percentile, and it must include one of the following:
1) symptoms of ischemia
2) new or presumed new ST changes on ECG
3) development of pathological Q waves
4) new loss of viable myocardium and/or new wall motion abnormality on imaging
5) evidence of intracoronary thrombus
What are serum lipids used for?
Used to determine coronary risk
What does are normal PaO2 levels?
-between 90-100 mmHg
What does an decrease in PaO2 levels indicate?
cardiac decompensation
What are normal PaCO2 levels?
35-45 mmHg
What does an increase in PaCO2 levels indicate?
COPD, hypoventilation
What does a decrease in PaCO2 levels indicate?
Hyperventilation, pregnancy, pulmonary embolism, and anxiety
What are normal pH levels?
7.35-7.45
What creates an increase in pH level?
- respiratory alkalosis: hyperventilation, sepsis, liver disease, fever
- metabolic alkalosis: vomiting, potassium depletion, diuretics, volume depletion
What is are the normal values for Prothrombin Time?
11-15 seconds
When does Prothombin time increase?
- Factor X deficiency
- hemorrhagic disease, cirrhosis, hepatitis drugs
What are the normal values for partial thromboplastin time?
25-40 seconds
When does PTT increase?
-Factor VIII, Factor IX, and Factor X deficiency
What are the typical ranges for international normalized ratio (INR)
.09-1.1
What type of patients will have a target INR of 2-3?
-patients with DVT, PE, mechanical valves, AF on anticoagulation therapy
What type of patients will have an INR target of 3.5?
-similar patients but with genetic clotting disorders
What is normal bleeding time?
2-10 min
What are normal C-reactive protein (CRP) levels?
< 10 mg/L
When do bleeding time or CRP levels increase?
- with platelet disorders or thrombocytopenia
What are increased levels of CRP associated with?
Increased risk of atherosclerosis
What are CRP levels of >100 mg/L associated with?
Inflammation and infection
What are white blood cells indicative of, and what are the normal ranges?
- status of immune system
- 4300-10800 cells/mm3
When do you see an increase in WBCs?
- infection: bacterial, viral
- inflammation
- hematologist malignancy
- Leukemia
- lymphoma drugs (corticosteroids)
When do you see a decrease in WBCs?
- aplastic anemia
- B12
- folate deficiency
PT’s should use a mask with their patients when their WBCs are…
<1000-2000 or absolute neutrophil count (ANC) <500-1000
What are typical red blood cell (RBCs) ranges for men and women?
Male: 4.6-6.2 10^6/uL
Female: 4.2-5.9 10^6/uL
When do you see an increase in RBCs?
Polycythemia
When do you see a decrease in RBCs?
Anemia
What are the ranges for Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)?
- Male < 15 mm/hr
- Female <20 mm/hr
When do you see an increase in ESR?
- infection and inflammation
What are typical ranges of hematocrit (Hct) % of RBC of the whole blood?
Male: 45-52%
Female: 37-48%
When do Hct% of RBC levels increase?
- erythrocytosis
- dehydration
- shock
When do Hct% of RBC decrease?
- severe anemias
- acute hemorrhage
What are typical hemoglobin (Hgb) ranges?
Male: 13-18 g/dL
Female: 12-16 g/dL
When do hemoglobin levels increase?
- polycythemia
- dehydration
- shock
When do hemoglobin levels decrease?
- anemias
- prolonged hemorrhage
- RBC destruction
What are typical platelet level counts?
150,000-450,000 cells/mm^3
When does platelet count decrease?
- Chronic leukemia
- hemoconcentration
When does platelet count decrease?
- thrombocytopenia
- acute leukemia
- aplastic anemia
- cancer chemotherapy
If a patient has platelet counts of <20,000, what can you do with them?
- AROM and ADLs only
If a patient has platelet count of 20,000-30,000, what can you do with them?
Light exercise only
If a patient has platelet count of 30k-50k, what can you do with them?
Moderate exercise
