Neuromuscular Pharmacology Flashcards
antiepileptic Agents
- reduce or eliminate seizure activity within the brain. these agents attempt to inhibit the firing of certain cerebral neurons through various effects on the CNS.
Include barbiturates, benzodiazepine, etc
Antispasticity Agents
promote relaxation in a spastic muscle. spasticity is an exaggerated stretch reflex of the muscle that can occur after injury to the CNS.
-spasticity is not a primary condition, but a secondary effect fromCNS damage. Agents bbind selectively within the CNS or within the skeletal muscle cells to reduce spasticity
Cholinergic Agents
- direct stimulant agents mimic ACh and bind directly to the cholinergic receptor to activate and create a response at the cellular level.
- indirect acting cholinergic stimulants increase choloinergic synapse activity through the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase. the incr of ACh at the synapse increase cholinergic synaptic transmission
CHolinergic agents Indications
Glaucoma, dementia due to Alzeheimer’s disease, postoperative decrease in gastrointestinal motility, myasthenia gravis, reversal of anticholinergic toxicity
Dopamine replacement Agents
- Dopamine replacement agents assist to relieve the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease secondary to the decrease in endogenous dopamine.
- these agents are able to cross the BBB through active transport and transform to dopamine within the brain
Muscle relaxant agents
- muscle relaxant agents promote relaxation in muscles that typically present with soasm that is a continuous, tonic contraction
- spasm typically ocur secondary to a musculoskeletal or peripheral nerve injury rather than CNS injury
MS medical managements
- immunosupressants
- interferon drugs
- symptomatic management of spasticity (baclofen, diasepam, dantrolene, phenol block surgery)
- symptomatic managements of urinary problems
ImmunoSuppressants drugs
- treat acute flare-ups and shorten duration of episodes
- adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and steroids (prednisone, dexamethasone, betamethasone, methylprenisolone)
- azathioprine, intravenous immunoglobulin IVIG
Inteferon drugs
- slow progression of disease decrease symptoms (Avonex, betaseron, copaxone)
Medical management of Parkisons
- sinemet or sustained release SInemet
- dopamine agonist drugs
- anticholinergic drugs
- amantadine
- selegiline
- deep brain stimulation
Sinemet or sustained release Sinemet
- provides dopamine and decreases effects of disease; effect is prolonged with low-protein diet
- numerous adverse effect including nausea and vomiting, orthostatic hypotension, cardiac arrhythmias, involuntary movements and psychoses and abnormal behaviors
- on-off phenomenon, pt experience sudden changes from normal function to immobility to severe dyskinetic movements
dopamine agonist drugs
- enhance the effects of Sinemet therapy
anticholinergic agents
- for control of tremor
amantadine
- enhances dopamine release
selegiline
- monoamine oxidase inhibitor increases dopamine; use during early disease to slow progression
Myasthenia gravis medical management
- acetylcholinesterase
- corticosteroids
- immunosuppresants
- plasmapheresis
- thymectomy
Epilepsy medical management
-antiepileptic meds
Dilantin
- specific drug found within the hydantoin chemical classification that is used to treat epilepsy by stabilizing neural membranes and decreasing neuronal excitability
- side effect: include gastric irritation, sedation, and cerebellar impairments
tergetol
- used to treat epilepsy by stabilizing the neuronal membrane by slowing the recovery of sodium channels that fire too rapidly
- cardiac arrhythmias are a primary side effect along with dizziness, blurred vision and CHF
klonopin
- specific drug within the benzodiazepine chemical classification that is used to treat epilepsy by its ability to potentiate the inhibitory effects of GABA in the brain
- side effects include sedation,ataxia, and behavioral changes
neurotonin
- specific drug found within teh secon generation anticonvulsant classification that is used to treat epilepsy by acting as a GABA agonist
- medictaion increases GABA release or acts as a receptor that is different from the GABA receptor
- side effects sedation etc
