Miscellaneous Flashcards
Aphasia
- acquired neurological impairment of processing for receptive/ and or expressive language
- ## result of brain trauma, injury, CVA, tumor or infection
fluent aphasia
- lesion varies based on the type of fluent aphasia but freq involves the temporal lobe , Wernicke’s area or regions of the parietal lobe
- word output and speech production are functional
-Prosody is acceptable but empty speech
-
non-fluent aphasia
- lesion varies based on type of non-fluent, but freq the frontal lobe of the dominant hemisphere is affected
- poor word output and dysprosodic speech
- poor articulation and incr effort for speech
- content is present but impaired syntactical words
Wernicke’s aphasia
- Lesion: post region of superior temporal gyrus
- “receptive aphasia”
- comp[rehension impaired
- good articulation
- impaired writing
- poor naming ability
- motor impairment not typical due to the distance from Wernicke’s area to the motor cortex
conduction aphasia
- Lesion: supramarginal gyrus, arcuate fasciculus
- severe impairment with repetition
- intact fluency, good comprehension
- speech interrupted by word-finding difficulties
- reading intact
- writing impaired
Broca’s aphasia
- Lesion: 3rd convolution of frontal lobe
- “expressive aphasia”
- most common form of aphasia
- intact auditory and reading comprehension
- impaired repetition and naming skills
- frustration with language skill errors
- paraphasias are common
- motor impairment typical due to proximity of Broca’s area to the motor cortex
global aphasia
- Lesion: frontal, temporal and parietal lobes
- comprehension (reading/ auditory) severely impaired
- impaired naming, writing, repetition skills
- may involuntary verbalize, usually w/o context
- may use nonverbal skills for communication
Verbal apraxia
- non-dyarthritic and non- aphasic impairment of prosody and articulation of speech
- verbal expression is impaired secondary to deficits in motor planning
- Lesion usually in left frontal lobe
dysarthria
- motor disorder of speech that is caused by an upper motor neuron lesion that affects the muscles that are used to articulate words and sounds.
- speech is often slurred
Facilitatory ROOD techniques
- approximation joint compression -icing -light touch - quick stretch - resistance - tapping - traction
Inhibitatory ROOD techniques
- deep pressure
- Prolonged stretch
- warmth
- prolonged cold
relapsing- remitting MS (RRMS)
- characterized by discrete attacks of neurological deficits (relapses) with either full or partial recovery in subsequent weeks or months
- periods between relapses are characterized by lack of disease progression
Primary- progressive MS (PPMS)
- characterized by disesase progression and a deterioration in function from onset
- Pt may experience modest fluctuations in neurological disability but discrete attacks do not occur
secondary- progressive MS (SPMS)
- characterized by an initial relapsing-remitting course, followed by a change to a progressive course with a steady decline in function, with or without continued acute attacks
Progressive- relapsing MS (PRMS)
- characterized by a steady deterioration in disease from onset but with occasional acute attacks;
- intervals between attacks are characterized by continuing disease progression
Stages (Hoehn and Yahr classification)
- minimal or absent disability, unilateral symptoms
- Minimal Bilateral or midline involvement, no balance involvement
- impaired balance, some restrictions in activity
- all symptoms present and severe; stands and walks only with assistance
- confinement to bed or wheelchair
neurapraxia
- class 1
- injury to nerve that causes a transient loss of function
- nerve dysfunction may be rapidly reversed or persist a few weeks
- ex: compression
axonotmesis
- class 2
- injury to nerve interrupting the axon and causing loss of function and wallerian degeneration distal to the lesion; with no disruption of the endoneurium, regeneration is possible
- ex: crush injury
neurotmesis
- class 3
- cutting of the nerve with severance of all structures and complete loss of function; reinnervation typically fails without surgical intervention because of aberrant regeneration
A.P.G.A.R
what does it stand for??
- method for objectively reporting the health of a newborn shortly after it is delivered
- the score is determined by rating 5 different criteria
Appearance
Pulse
Grimace
Activity
respiration - each graded on scale of 0-2 with a score of 2 indicating a normal response
- scores calculated at 1 min and 5 min
- Good condition scores 7-10
- Less than 3 requires immediate medical attention
APGAR
- GRading for appearance
0 blue pale
1 normal body blue hands and feet
2 All body pink
APGAR
- Grading for Pulse
0 absent
1 below 100 bpm
2 above 100 bpm
APGAR
- Grading for grimace
0 no response to stimulation
1 minimal response
2 pulls away, sneeze, or cough
APGAR
- Grading for activity
0 floppy no movement
1 flexing of the arms and legs
2 active movement
APGAR
- Grading for respiration
0 absent
1 slow irregular
2 vigorous cry