Miscellaneous

Question 1

Aphasia

Answer 1

• acquired neurological impairment of processing for receptive/ and or expressive language
• ## result of brain trauma, injury, CVA, tumor or infection

Question 2

fluent aphasia

Answer 2

• lesion varies based on the type of fluent aphasia but freq involves the temporal lobe , Wernicke’s area or regions of the parietal lobe
• word output and speech production are functional
  -Prosody is acceptable but empty speech
  -

Question 3

non-fluent aphasia

Answer 3

• lesion varies based on type of non-fluent, but freq the frontal lobe of the dominant hemisphere is affected
• poor word output and dysprosodic speech
• poor articulation and incr effort for speech
• content is present but impaired syntactical words

Question 4

Wernicke’s aphasia

Answer 4

• Lesion: post region of superior temporal gyrus
• “receptive aphasia”
• comp[rehension impaired
• good articulation
• impaired writing
• poor naming ability
• motor impairment not typical due to the distance from Wernicke’s area to the motor cortex

Question 5

conduction aphasia

Answer 5

• Lesion: supramarginal gyrus, arcuate fasciculus
• severe impairment with repetition
• intact fluency, good comprehension
• speech interrupted by word-finding difficulties
• reading intact
• writing impaired

Question 6

Broca’s aphasia

Answer 6

• Lesion: 3rd convolution of frontal lobe
• “expressive aphasia”
• most common form of aphasia
• intact auditory and reading comprehension
• impaired repetition and naming skills
• frustration with language skill errors
• paraphasias are common
• motor impairment typical due to proximity of Broca’s area to the motor cortex

Question 7

global aphasia

Answer 7

• Lesion: frontal, temporal and parietal lobes
• comprehension (reading/ auditory) severely impaired
• impaired naming, writing, repetition skills
• may involuntary verbalize, usually w/o context
• may use nonverbal skills for communication

Question 8

Verbal apraxia

Answer 8

• non-dyarthritic and non- aphasic impairment of prosody and articulation of speech
• verbal expression is impaired secondary to deficits in motor planning
• Lesion usually in left frontal lobe

Question 9

dysarthria

Answer 9

• motor disorder of speech that is caused by an upper motor neuron lesion that affects the muscles that are used to articulate words and sounds.
• speech is often slurred

Question 10

Facilitatory ROOD techniques

Answer 10

- approximation
joint compression
-icing
-light touch
- quick stretch
- resistance
- tapping
- traction

Question 11

Inhibitatory ROOD techniques

Answer 11

• deep pressure
• Prolonged stretch
• warmth
• prolonged cold

Question 12

relapsing- remitting MS (RRMS)

Answer 12

• characterized by discrete attacks of neurological deficits (relapses) with either full or partial recovery in subsequent weeks or months
• periods between relapses are characterized by lack of disease progression

Question 13

Primary- progressive MS (PPMS)

Answer 13

• characterized by disesase progression and a deterioration in function from onset
• Pt may experience modest fluctuations in neurological disability but discrete attacks do not occur

Question 14

secondary- progressive MS (SPMS)

Answer 14

• characterized by an initial relapsing-remitting course, followed by a change to a progressive course with a steady decline in function, with or without continued acute attacks

Question 15

Progressive- relapsing MS (PRMS)

Answer 15

• characterized by a steady deterioration in disease from onset but with occasional acute attacks;
• intervals between attacks are characterized by continuing disease progression

Question 16

Stages (Hoehn and Yahr classification)

Answer 16

1. minimal or absent disability, unilateral symptoms
2. Minimal Bilateral or midline involvement, no balance involvement
3. impaired balance, some restrictions in activity
4. all symptoms present and severe; stands and walks only with assistance
5. confinement to bed or wheelchair

Question 17

neurapraxia

Answer 17

• class 1
• injury to nerve that causes a transient loss of function
• nerve dysfunction may be rapidly reversed or persist a few weeks
• ex: compression

Question 18

axonotmesis

Answer 18

• class 2
• injury to nerve interrupting the axon and causing loss of function and wallerian degeneration distal to the lesion; with no disruption of the endoneurium, regeneration is possible
• ex: crush injury

Question 19

neurotmesis

Answer 19

• class 3
• cutting of the nerve with severance of all structures and complete loss of function; reinnervation typically fails without surgical intervention because of aberrant regeneration

Question 20

A.P.G.A.R

what does it stand for??

Answer 20

• method for objectively reporting the health of a newborn shortly after it is delivered
• the score is determined by rating 5 different criteria
  Appearance
  Pulse
  Grimace
  Activity
  respiration
• each graded on scale of 0-2 with a score of 2 indicating a normal response
• scores calculated at 1 min and 5 min
• Good condition scores 7-10
• Less than 3 requires immediate medical attention

Question 21

APGAR

- GRading for appearance

Answer 21

0 blue pale
1 normal body blue hands and feet
2 All body pink

Question 22

APGAR

- Grading for Pulse

Answer 22

0 absent
1 below 100 bpm
2 above 100 bpm

Question 23

APGAR

- Grading for grimace

Answer 23

0 no response to stimulation
1 minimal response
2 pulls away, sneeze, or cough

Question 24

APGAR

- Grading for activity

Answer 24

0 floppy no movement
1 flexing of the arms and legs
2 active movement

Question 25

APGAR

- Grading for respiration

Answer 25

0 absent
1 slow irregular
2 vigorous cry