neuromuscular disorders and pattern

Question 1

in mysthesia gravis what forms agaisnt nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) postsynaptic receptors and where

Answer 1

antibodies
neuromuscular junction

Question 2

whats the basic pathology of the mysthenia gravis

Answer 2

reduction in the number of
ACh receptors (AChRs)

Question 3

steristics of myesthenia gravis

Answer 3

a generalized muscle weakmess thats more prominent in the afternoon
most affected muscles are the triceps,illiopsoas,hand finger extensors,deltoid,hamstrings
muscles that control the eyes and eyelids, facial
expressions, chewing, swallowing, and speaking, respiratory muscles
can be affected and may require urgent intervention

Question 4

a
clinical “triad” of proximal muscle weakness, autonomic symptoms and reduced tendon
reflexes is what

Answer 4

lambert eaton myasthenic syndrome or lems

Question 5

steristics of lems

Answer 5

muscle weakness
postexercise or post activation facilitation
oculobulbar weakness
automic dysfunction
respiratory failure

Question 6

what is the most common autonomic dysfunction symptom in lems

Answer 6

dry mouth

Question 7

list of motor neauron disorders

Answer 7

amytrophic lateral sclerosis
spinal muscular atrophy
poliomyelitis

Question 8

features of prolonged survival for the als[amyotrpic lateral sclerosis]disorder

Answer 8

younger age of onset
no dyspnea at onset
pure umn signs
pure lmn signs
normal nutrtion at diagnosis

Question 9

als is characterized by what

Answer 9

spinal cord atrophy
thinning in vertebral roots
loss of cortical motor neurons

Question 10

what must be presnt to diagnose als

Answer 10

progressive symptoms
over a period of months to years
consistent with upper and lower motor
neuron dysfunction that impair limbs and respiratory function

Question 11

signs and symptoms of upper motor neuron

Answer 11

signs
postive babinski sign
increased deep tendon reflex
slow or rapid alternating movemnets

symptoms
lack of coordination with movements
poor balance
stiffness iwth upper na dlower extremity movemnts

Question 12

signs and symptoms of lower motor neuron

Answer 12

signs
difficulty squating and rising from chair
waddling gait
fasciculations

symptoms
muscle cramps
weak upper and lower extremities
fasciculations

Question 13

xteristics of sma type 1or werding hoffmann

Answer 13

onset is before 6 months
poor head control
weak cough and cry
frog leg posture when lying
weakness of muscles that help breathing

Question 14

what is the highest motor milestone acheived for sma 1

Answer 14

unable to sit

Question 15

xteristics of sma 2 or dubowitz

Answer 15

gastroinestinal complications
jaw weakness
tremor of upper arms and thighs
muscle weakness
scoliosis

Question 16

what is the higehest motor milestone acheived

Answer 16

able to sit independently

Question 17

xteristics of sma 3 or kugelberg welander disease

Answer 17

risk of obesity and osteoporosis
walks but may loose the ability overtime
increasing weakness of upper leg
scoliosis
chewing and swallowing difficulty
ortopedic complications

Question 18

a disorder were the anterior horn cells are affected is called what

Answer 18

poliomyelitis

Question 19

frequently involved muscles in poliomyelitis

Answer 19

Quadriceps
* Hip abductor
* Medial hamstrings
* Deltoids, Triceps

Question 20

less frequently involved muscles

Answer 20

Foot intrinsic muscles* Hand deep flexors

Question 21

peripheric nerve disorders includes

Answer 21

charcot marie tooth disease
gullian barre syndrome

Question 22

what happens in cmt1

Answer 22

loss of myelin on peripheral neurons

Question 23

what happens in cmt2

Answer 23

loss of peripheral neurons

Question 24

xteristics of cm1and cm2

Answer 24

progressive loss of motor neurons …feet and legs
sensory nerves hands and feet

Question 25

most common nerves that are affected in cmt

Answer 25

Peroneal and tibial nerve
involvement

Question 26

a rare neurological disorder in which thebody’s immune system mistakenly attacks part of its peripheral nervoussystem.

Answer 26

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS)

Question 27

the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in
ALS patients

Answer 27

respiratory problems

Question 28

causes of respiratory symptoms

Answer 28

loss of inspiratory msucle strength
loss of expiratory muscle strength
loss of bulbar muscle strength

Question 29

what can be used to asses pain scale

Answer 29

VAS
NRS
MCGILL PAIN QUESTIONNAIRE

Question 30

what can be used to assess Fatigue

Answer 30

Fatigue Impact Scale
* Fatigue Severity Scale
* Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory

Question 31

depression and hopelessness measurement scale

Answer 31

Beck Depression Inventory
* Beck Anxiety Inventory
* Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale

Question 32

sleep prblem measurement

Answer 32

Epworth Sleepiness Scale
* Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index