multiple sclerosis Flashcards
myelin sheath diseases of the cns can be divided into
dysmyelinating and deymyelinating
functions of the myelin
an insulator
speeds up rate of impulses
protectsthe axon from damage
repairs injured fibers
ms is what typye of deymyelinating disorder
inflammatory immune disorder
types of demyelinating disorders
inflammatory
infectous
granulomatous
myelin disorders
toxic
what is multiple sclerosis or ms
is a chronic, inflammatory , progressive demyelinating and neurodegenerative dieseas that involves immune mediated attacks on the cns
what can be seen in ms or characteristics
relapses and remisions
inflammation and damage to the myelin sheath
diagnosed btw 20-30
females are more likely
sites where the myelin is lost appeared as hard areas is called what
plaques or lesions
what are the risk factors that affect ms
environmental factors
genetic
familial
some symptoms of ms
numbness
pain
fatigue
muscle spasm
walking difficulty
less common symptoms of ms
speech prob
swallowing
seizure
loss of taste
tremor
breathing problems
hearing loss
what is the most common motor problems in the ms
upper extremities are hypotonic
lower extremities are spastic
what are the signs we can see in the senory issue
parasthesis
dysethesias
Lhermittes sighn
pain
trigeminal
proprioception deficits
signs seen when the brainstem is affected
dysarthria
dysphagia
inflammation of the cns causes what
excacerbation of ms
diagnosis of ms
ct mri
lumbar puncture
physical exam
evoked potential test
types of ms
CIS Clinically Isolated
Syndrome
RRMS RelapsingremittigMS
SPMS Secondary progressive MS
PPMSPrimary progressive ms
explain cis breifly
the episode must last for 24 hours and it has the characteristics for multiple sclerosis but doesnt meet the criteria for a diagnosis
what happens in rrms
most common
characterized by attacks in which these attacks may include partial or full remissions or recovery
what happens in spms
it starts with a relapsing perios and just gets worse overtime or progressive worsening and patients with rrms may progress to spms
what hapens in ppms
worsening neurologic functions from the onset without any relapses or remissions
factors that incrase the ms
trauma
pregnancy
extreme fatigue
hot bath
hot weather
factors used for assessment
type of ms
drug used
last attack time
explain the following points in the edss scale for ms
1.5,6.0,7.0
1.5 no disabillity
6.0=needs assistance to walk like a crutch or crane
7.0=starts to use wheelchai cause the patient cant walk
in the management of ms what are the treatments of the following
symptoms
relapses
disease modifying therapies
symptms=managed with medications
relapses=treated with high dose glucocoricoids
disaese modifying therapies=reduce the frequency of relapses
