Neuromodulation Treatments Flashcards
What is rTMS and how is it applied in clinical settings?
it is repetitive magnetic stimulation (meaning multiple pulses in succession) ; low frequency rTMS (< 1 Hertz) is hypothesized to be inhibitory while high frequency (> 1 Hertz) is hypothesized to be excitatory
What are single session and multi session neurostimulation treatments used for?
single session studies are used for short-term effect on cognitive functions, while multi sessions treatments are used for long-lasting neuromodulation
What kind of experiments with stimulation are being carried out in the field of eating disorders?
preclinical single-session experiments with excitatory stimulation on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (also done for treatment against depression and addiction). in an experiment, it was shown that prefrontal stimulation inhibits the development of food craving, effect not mediated by a reduction in hunger, tension or an improvement in mood
What is hemoencephalography and what is it used for?
near infra-red hemoencephalography measures changes in the local oxygenation level of the blood and it is specifically designed to target prefrontal areas and practice executive functions. it can be used in neurofeedback trials and trainings for eating behavior
What is the imbalance in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activity in depression?
Hypoexcitability of left DLPFC and hyperexcitability of right DLPFC.
What are the evidence based guidelines on the therapeutic use of rTMS and tDCS?
level A definite efficacy (antidepressant effect of high frequency rTMS of the left DLPFC).
level B probable efficacy (antidepressant effect of low-frequency rTMS of the right DLPFC; combined anodal tDCS of the right DLPFC and cathodal tDCS of the left DLPFC in addiction/craving ).
level C possible efficacy (high frequency rTMS of the left DLPFC for cigarette craving)
