EDs Cognitive Neuroscience Flashcards
What brain areas are involved in restrictive types of eating disorders?
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, medial prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens
What brain areas are involved with impulsive types of eating disorders?
dorsal striatum, amygdala, cerebellum and hypothalamus
What event related potential is important in processing semantic incongruency and showed differences in a bulimia nervosa group?
N400, a negative-going event related potential which is increased if a sentence is completed by a semantically unexpected or affectively incongruent target word
What is the research domain criteria?
it is a strategy aimed at integrating basic knowledge with clinical diagnoses by first describing fundamental behaviors as dimensions and use the dimensions to describe the pathological behaviors of psychiatric disorders. these domains can inform potential neurostimulation treatments (like rTMS and tDCS)
What are the some of the neuroanatomical biomarkers of anorexia nervosa?
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, fusiform body area, insula, medial prefrontal cortex, ventral striatum, amygdala
What is the negative valence system and how does it relate to eating behavior?
negative urgency means having a tendency to act impulsively when experiencing negative emotions; women with loss of control eating have significantly higher levels of negative urgency and it is possible that this relationship reflects impairments in behavioral control overeating when upset
How can a positive valence system help recover from eating disorders?
Individuals who recovered from AN often have altered patterns of response in the ventral and dorsal striatum to positive and negative feedback
What brain areas increase and decrease their activity in abnormal responses to food?
The orbitofrontal cortex and cingulate cortex increase their activity, while the left prefrontal cortex, the occipitotemporal region and the visual cortex decrease their activity in abnormal responses to food.
What neurostimulation treatments are there for EDs and what do they do?
Repetitive magnetic stimulation can either inhibit (low frequency) or excite (high frequency) neurons; direct current stimulation can do the same with neuronal depolarization (excitatory) and neuronal hyperpolarization (inhibitory) tDCS.
