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finals > Neurology/surgery > Flashcards

Neurology/surgery Flashcards

1
Q

suspected SAH but CT is normal, do what?

A

LP 12 hours following onset of symptoms

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2
Q

signs of SAH on LP?

A

Xanthochromia (red cell breakdown)

Raised opening pressure

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3
Q

how are most aneurysmal SAH treated?

A

Aneurysm coiling

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4
Q

ptosis and/or fixed, dilated pupil may result from a lesion in what cranial nerve?

A

CN III

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5
Q

acute management of migraine?

A

Oral triptan (5ht Agonists) and NSAID

OR

Oral triptan and paracetamol

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6
Q

prophylaxis of migraine?

A

2 or more attacks per month

Topiramate (teratogenic) or Propranolol

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7
Q

first line drug for generalised seizures?

A

sodium valproate

  • teratogenic
  • P450 enzyme inhibitor (WATCH warfarin, antidepressants, statins)
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8
Q

first line focal/partial seizures?

A

carbamazepine

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9
Q

how long must you be seizure free to drive?

How long should established epilitptics be seizure free?

A

6 months

12 months

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10
Q

key feature of extrudural bleed?

A

lucid interval

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11
Q 
Dermatomes?
Index/thumb
Nipples
Umbilicus
Inguinal Ligament
Knee
Big toes
Small toe (lateral foot)
A 
C6 (bring index to thumb to make a 6)
T4
T10
L1gament
L4 (down on all fours)
L5 
S1
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12
Q

subacute combined degenration of the spinal cord cause + presentation?

A

Vit B12 deficiency

Bilateral spastic paresis, loss of proprioception and vibration sensation, limb ataxia

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13
Q

parkinson drug which has reduced effectiveness over time?

A

Levodopa (honeymoon)

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14
Q

management of myaesthenia gravis?

A

long acting cholinesterase inhibitors e.g. PYRIDOSTIGMINE

Immunosuppression e.g. PREDNISOLONE

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15
Q

Recommended STRoke secondary prevention?

A

Clopidogrel (2nd line aspirin)

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16
Q

cluster headache presentation and common trigger?

A

Red eye, pain behind eye, lacrimation or nasal

Alcohol

17
Q

Palsy affecting brachial trunk C5-6?

affecting C8-T1?

A

Erb’s Palsy

Klumpke’s palsy (involvement of T1 may cause Horner’s syndrome)

18
Q

Reflexes nerves:
Ankle

Knee

Biceps

Triceps

A

S1-S2

L3-L4

C5-C6

C7-C8

19
Q

acute treatment for Wernicke’s encepaholpathy and features

A

Thiamine (pabrinex)

Confusion, Ataxia, Nystagmus, Peripheral Neuropathy

20
Q

jacksonian movement indicates what type of seizure?

A

Frontal Lobe seizure

21
Q

GCS Motor?

A 
6 obeys commands
5 localise to pain
4 withdraws from pain
3 flexion to pain
2 extending to pain
1 none
22
Q

GCS Verbal?

A 
5 orientated
4 confused
3 words
2 sounds
1 none
23
Q

GCS Eyes?

A

4 spontaneous
3 to speech
2 to pain
1 none

24
Q

when should stroke thrombolysis be considered?

A

<4.5 hours

25
Q

what anaesthesia should be avoided in Myaesthania gravis patints?

A

muscle relaxant (e.g. suxamethonium)

26
Q

management of acute relapse of MS?

A

High dose steroids

27
Q

most common presentation of MS?

A

optic neuritis

28
Q

whta should be given to patient who presents within 7 days to GP of suspected TIA?

A

Aspirin 300mg

29
Q

at what GCS should patient have urgent review by anaesthetist with view to intubate and ventilate?

A

GCS less than 8

30
Q

what is neuroleptic malignant syndrome?

A

triggered by anti psychotics (dopamine antagonists)

fever, altered mentla state, muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction

Bloods show raised CK + WCC

31
Q

medication for restless leg syndrome?

A

Ropinirole

32
Q

treatment for cerebral oedema with brain tumours?

A

Dexamethasone

33
Q

where does pain/sensation deccusate?

A

at the level of the nerve root

34
Q

med for idiopathic intracranial hypertension?

A

Acetazolomide (carbonic annhydrase inhibitor)

35
Q

most common complication following meningitis?

A

sensorineural hearing loss

36
Q

triad of normal pressure hydrocephalus?

A

urinary incontinence

dementia

gait abnormality

37
Q

biggest risk factor for strokes?

A

HT

finals (17 decks)

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