Cardio Flashcards
Most common cause of AF?
Hypertension
Strategy for AF?
Anticoagulate - CHadvasc
rate control - B Blocker > CCB > Digoxin
rarely amiodarone
patients shouldn’t have rate control when in AF?
reversible cause for AF
AF new onset within 48 hours
AF is causing heart failure
Symptomatic despite on rate control
rate control drugs for AF?
- 1st - Beta blocker is first line (e.g. atenolol 50-100mg once daily)
- 2nd - Calcium-channel blocker (e.g. diltiazem) (not preferable in heart failure)
- 3rd - Digoxin (only in sedentary people, needs monitoring and risk of toxicity)
when is the ‘pill in the pocket’ technique appropriate?
Paroxysmal AF (infrequent, <48 hrs, no underlying structural heart disease)
Flecanide is taken
what can be added as second line drug in rate control for AF?
Digoxin
therapeutic INR range for those on warfarin?
2 - 3
Rhytm control drug with structural problem in heart?
Amiodarone
ECG changes for thrombolysis or PCI
ST elevation >2mm in 2 or more consecutive anterior leads
ST elevation >1mm in >2 consecutive inferior leads
hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy is associated with what condition?
WPW syndrome
examples of lifestyle modifications in heart failure?
stop smoking
Fluid and salt restriction (improves mortality)
pharma management of HF?
ACEi + beta blockers
Loop diuretics for symptoms
symptoms persist: Spironolactone
If not tolerant of ACEi + B-blockers then give Hydralazine
Organism associated with colorectal cancer (and the gut) that may cause infective endocarditis?
strep bovis (strep galloyticus)
what is persistent AF?
recurrent AF that doesn’t self terminate. Requires Fleicanide
patients who have had TIA, ischaemic stroke or peripheral arterial disease should be treated with what antiplatelet?
clopidogrel (lifelong)
2nd line = aspirin (lifelong)
