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Pharmacology > Neurology/Psychiatry > Flashcards

Neurology/Psychiatry Flashcards

1
Q

Levodopa: mechanism of action

A

Pro-drug
Crosses BBB and is converted to dopamine
Striatal dopaminergic neurotransmission increased

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2
Q

Levodopa: adverse effects

A 
Dyskinesia
Compulsive disorders
Hallucinations
Nausea
GI upset
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3
Q

Levodopa: co-prescription

A

Given with dopamine-decarboxylase inhibitor OR COMT inhibitor to reduce effects of dopamine in the peripheries

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4
Q

Pramipexole / Apomorphine: mechanism of action

A

Dopamine agonists
Stimulate post-synaptic dopamine receptors
Apomorphine = D1, D2
Pramiprexole = D3

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5
Q

Entacapone: mechanism of action

A

COMT inhibitor

Prevents the peripheral breakdown of Levodopa

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6
Q

Carbamazepine: mechanism of action

A

Anti-epileptic

Blocks voltage-gated Na channel on pre-synaptic membrane to reduce neuronal excitability

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7
Q

Carbamazepine: indications

A

Epilepsy
Trigeminal neuralgia
Neuropathic pain

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8
Q

Carbamazepine: adverse effects

A

Cytochrome P450 inducer
Avoid alcohol
Avoid grapefruit juice

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9
Q

Sodium Valproate: mechanism of action

A

Inhibitor of GABA degrading enzymes

Reduces GABA metabolism

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10
Q

Phenytoin: mechanism of action

A

Blocks voltage-gated Na channel on pre-synaptic membrane

Limits spread of seizure activity - used in status epilepticus

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11
Q

Lamotigrine: mechanism of action

A

Varied
Inhibits voltage-gated Na channels and/or Ca channels
Acts on pre-synaptoc neuronal membrane
Reduces AP and excitatory signals

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12
Q

Levetiracetam: mechanism of action

A

SV2A is a synaptic vesicle protein required for neurotransmitter release
Levetiracetam blocks this and reduces neurotransmitter release

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13
Q

Citalopram, Fluoxetine, Sertraline: mechanism of action

A

SSRI inhibitors at synaptic cleft

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14
Q

Amitryptyline, Imipramine, Doxepin: mechanism of action

A

TCA

Bind to monoamine pump at pre-synaptic cleft to inhibit reuptake of monoamines

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15
Q

Haloperidol, Chlorpromazine: mechanism of action

A

First-generation antipsychotics

Act on D1-like and D2-like receptors

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16
Q

Olanzapine, Clozapine: mechanism of action

A

Atypical anti-psychotics

Varying effects on dopamine and serotonin receptors

17
Q

Diazepam, Lorazepam: mechanism of action

A

Benzodiazepines
Increases affinity of GABA for its receptor
Increased GABA binding increases chloride entry
Hyperpolarisation occurs - reducing activity of limbic, thalamic and hypothalamic areas of the brain

Pharmacology (10 decks)

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