Musculoskeletal & pain Flashcards
Codeine: mechanism of action
Opioid receptor agonist
This gives numerous effects that increase nociceptive thresholds throughout the central and peripheral NS
Metabolised to morphine which is responsible for analgesic effects
Codeine: indications
Mild-mod pain
Persistent dry cough
Diarrhoea
Codeine: adverse effects
Nausea Vomiting Constipation Biliary spasm Headache on withdrawal
Morphine: mechanism of action
Opioid receptor agonist
Morphine: indications
Acute/severe pain
Acute pulmonary oedema
Chronic pain
Morphine: adverse effects
Nausea Vomiting Abdominal pain Constipation Respiratory depression Sedation
Oxycodone: mechanism of action
Opioid receptor agonist
Oxycodone: indications
Mod-severe pain relief in cancer patients
Post-op pain
Severe pain
Oxycodone: adverse effects
Nausea
Vomiting
Abdominal pain
Constipation
Ibuprofen, Diclofenac: mechanism of action
Non-selective inhibition of COX1 and COX2 enzymes, decreasing key inflammatory mediator PG from being synthesised
Thereby reduces pain, inflammation and swelling
Ibuprofen, Diclofenac: indications
Mild-mod pain relief
RA/OA
Fever (anti-pyretic effect)
Ibuprofen, Diclofenac: adverse effects
Gastric/duodenal ulcers Nausea Diarrhoea Thrombotic event risk Avoid in 3rd trimester pregnancy Renal impairment Hyperkalaemia
Celexocib
Selective inhibitor of COX2, decreasing key inflammatory mediator PG from being synthesised
Thereby reduces pain, inflammation and swelling
Indications for celecoxib
OA
RA
Ankylosing spondylitis
Side effects of celecoxib
Gastric/duodenal ulcers (lower risk than non-selective NSAIDs, as gastric side effects mediated by COX-1) Nausea Diarrhoea Renal impairment Hyperkalaemia
