Gastrointestinal

Question 1

Omeprazole, Lansoprazole: mech of action

Answer 1

Proton pump inhibitors
Binds to H+/K+ ATPase pump on gastric parietal cells
Reduces HCl production

Question 2

Omeprazole, Lansoprazole: indications

Answer 2

Peptic ulcers
GORD
H. pylori infection
Prophylaxis in long-term NSAID use
Zollinger-ellison syndrome

Question 3

Omeprazole, Lansoprazole: side effects

Answer 3

Nausea
Vomiting
Insomnia
Vertigo
Headaches

Question 4

Ranitidine, Cimetidine: mech of action

Answer 4

H2 receptor antagonists

Histamine binds to H2 on parietal cells to stimulate gastric acid secretion - H2RA’s antagonise this

Question 5

Lactulose, Senna: mech of action

Answer 5

Laxatives
Lactulose - reduces water reabsorption in SI
Senna - stimulant agent

Question 6

Lactulose, Senna: indications

Answer 6

Constipation
Pregnancy
Prophylaxis in opiate use

Question 7

Cyclizine: mech of action

Answer 7

Anti-emetic
H1RA
Acts on vomiting centre in medulla
Mild anti-cholinergic, anti-muscarinic

Question 8

Metoclopramide: mech of action

Answer 8

Anti-emetic
Dopamine (D2) receptor antagonist
Increases gastric emptying and intestinal transit
Reduces oesophageal reflux

Question 9

Prochlorperazine: mech of action

Answer 9

Penothiazine anti-psychotic drug used as anti-emetic

Dopamine (D2) receptor antagonist