Neurology Flashcards
epilepsy definition
altered consciousness often accompanied by motor activity and or sensory alterations.
risks of non epileptic seizures
intracranial cause
metabolic cause
infectious cause
what are the two main seizure types
partial (focal) and Generalized
generalized seizure
bilateral motor
consciousness disturbed
Grand and petit mal
what can definitively diagnoses epilepsy?
EEG***
Who should manage epilepsy
neurologis
what is benign sleep myoclonus
rhythmic myoclonic jerking when child is sleeping or drowsy, will not respond to anti-confulsants.
migrain
Gradual onset, bilateral, throbbing
DDX for headach
trauma, tension HA, migrain, acute illness, trigeminal neuralgia, brain lesion/tumor
PE for headache
Vitals
FUndoscopic exam: look for intercranial pressure
look for meningitis signs: Jaw, mouth, face, ears
Neuro exam.
what would be concerning for learning disorders?
If they are falling behind expected school performance
if they lose previously acquired skills,
learning disorders, when to refer to
seizures depression or psych stuff physical dysmorphology hearing or visual impairment if no isolated cause, refer to neurodevelopmental specialist.
Night terrors,
child wakes up and screams in the middle of the night with sweating , agitated, rapid breathing, glassy-eyed and un consoleable.
who gets night terrors?
most common in preschool children
what is cerebral palsy
non progressive motor impairment that result from damage to or dysfunciton of developing brain.
stuttering is common in who
preschool kids, its often transient.
when should you refer for a stutter?
Refer to speach pathologist
- more than a few months
- every sentence
- kid reacts to stutter
- FHx of stuttering
- looks like child struggles to speak
- makes kid frustrated
muscular dystrophies
hereditory: progressive weakness and muscle degeneration, slow
deuchenne type muscular dystrphies
MC in boys 3-7yo proximal weakness waddling gait, tip toe walking exagerated lordosis frequent falls and difficulty standing
true ataxia is associated with what
cerebellar dysfunction
cause of acute ataxia
History of insult: trauma, infx, intoxication
cause of chronic ataxia
Brain tumor, family hx,
spinal muscular atrophy
progressive weakness caused by disorder of motor neurons.
hypotonia, cant hold up head,
Begins by age 2., worst starts at 6 mos
prognosis of spinal muscular atrophy
poor: most die of respiratory failure.
what would make you concernec about spinal muscular atrophy
late motor developement milestones
hypotonia
if family hx
