Neurology

Question 1

epilepsy definition

Answer 1

altered consciousness often accompanied by motor activity and or sensory alterations.

Question 2

risks of non epileptic seizures

Answer 2

intracranial cause
metabolic cause
infectious cause

Question 3

what are the two main seizure types

Answer 3

partial (focal) and Generalized

Question 4

generalized seizure

Answer 4

bilateral motor
consciousness disturbed
Grand and petit mal

Question 5

what can definitively diagnoses epilepsy?

Answer 5

EEG***

Question 6

Who should manage epilepsy

Answer 6

neurologis

Question 7

what is benign sleep myoclonus

Answer 7

rhythmic myoclonic jerking when child is sleeping or drowsy, will not respond to anti-confulsants.

Question 8

migrain

Answer 8

Gradual onset, bilateral, throbbing

Question 9

DDX for headach

Answer 9

trauma, tension HA, migrain, acute illness, trigeminal neuralgia, brain lesion/tumor

Question 10

PE for headache

Answer 10

Vitals
FUndoscopic exam: look for intercranial pressure
look for meningitis signs: Jaw, mouth, face, ears
Neuro exam.

Question 11

what would be concerning for learning disorders?

Answer 11

If they are falling behind expected school performance

if they lose previously acquired skills,

Question 12

learning disorders, when to refer to

Answer 12

seizures
depression or psych stuff
physical dysmorphology
hearing or visual impairment 
if no isolated cause, refer to neurodevelopmental specialist.

Question 13

Night terrors,

Answer 13

child wakes up and screams in the middle of the night with sweating , agitated, rapid breathing, glassy-eyed and un consoleable.

Question 14

who gets night terrors?

Answer 14

most common in preschool children

Question 15

what is cerebral palsy

Answer 15

non progressive motor impairment that result from damage to or dysfunciton of developing brain.

Question 16

stuttering is common in who

Answer 16

preschool kids, its often transient.

Question 17

when should you refer for a stutter?

Answer 17

Refer to speach pathologist

• more than a few months
• every sentence
• kid reacts to stutter
• FHx of stuttering
• looks like child struggles to speak
• makes kid frustrated

Question 18

muscular dystrophies

Answer 18

hereditory: progressive weakness and muscle degeneration, slow

Question 19

deuchenne type muscular dystrphies

Answer 19

MC in boys 3-7yo
proximal weakness
waddling gait, tip toe walking
exagerated lordosis
frequent falls and difficulty standing

Question 20

true ataxia is associated with what

Answer 20

cerebellar dysfunction

Question 21

cause of acute ataxia

Answer 21

History of insult: trauma, infx, intoxication

Question 22

cause of chronic ataxia

Answer 22

Brain tumor, family hx,

Question 23

spinal muscular atrophy

Answer 23

progressive weakness caused by disorder of motor neurons.
hypotonia, cant hold up head,
Begins by age 2., worst starts at 6 mos

Question 24

prognosis of spinal muscular atrophy

Answer 24

poor: most die of respiratory failure.

Question 25

what would make you concernec about spinal muscular atrophy

Answer 25

late motor developement milestones
hypotonia
if family hx