Neurology Flashcards
Type of aneurysm generally has congenital defects.
Sacular aneurysm
Type of aneurysm is generally a result of necrotic vasculitis or septic emboli.
Mycotic aneurysm
Type of aneurysm is generally a result of a skull fracture that disrupts a vessel.
Traumatic aneurysm
Type of aneurysm generally a result of atherosclerosis, or hardening of the arteries.
Fusiform aneurysm
Cranial nerve Responsible for lateral eye movement.
Abducens nerve
The cranial nerve is the cranial nerve that affects the muscles used for facial expressions, eyelid closure, and lacrimal and salivary glands.
Facial nerve
The cranial nerve is the cranial nerve that affects the downward and medial eye movement.
Trochlear nerve
The cranial nerve is the cranial nerve that affects one’s vision.
Optic nerve
Gullain-Barre risk factors
Guillan-Barre syndrome is an acute paralytic disease that decreases myelin in both the nerve roots as well as the peripheral nerves. There are several identifiable risk factors for developing Guillan-Barre syndrome. They include the following: HIV, cytomegalovirus (CMV), or Hepatitis B; pregnancy; and Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
Posterior cord syndrome symptoms?
Patient with posterior cord syndrome will most likely experience preserved perception of pain, as well as motor function and temperature sensation. Additionally, they will lose deep touch, proprioception, and vibration.
Cauda equina presentations?
Patients with cauda equina syndrome will most likely experience lower extremity sensory
NSAIDS of spinal immobilization?
Neurological examination, Significant traumatic mechanism of injury, Alertness, Intoxication, Distracting injury, Spinal Examination
Part of the brain that is responsible and of controlling balance and synchronizing muscle action?
The cerebellum is responsible for controlling balance and synchronizing muscle action.
Part of the brain that is responsible for connecting the two cerebral hemispheres by the corpus callosum.
telencephalon
Part of the brain of the brain responsible for the regulation of temperature and the regulation of food intake.
Diencephalon.
Part of the brain responsible for relaying messages from the brain to the lower levels of the nervous system.
Brain stem.
Kind of tremor is associated with Parkinson disease and occurs when the muscle is relaxed.
Resting
Kind of tremor is associated with cerebellar disease.
Intentional tremor.
Kind of tremor is associated with metabolic encephalopathy.
Flapping tremor
Type of tremor is associated with stress.
Physiologic tremor.
This seizure is one in which an individual experiences an abrupt loss of muscle tone and may or may not fall.
Atonic
This seizure is one in which an individual experiences an abrupt increase in muscle tone, which causes flexion of his/her arms and extension of his/her legs.
Tonic
This seizure is one in which an individual experiences slow muscle contractions and relaxations.
Clonic
This seizure is one in which an individual experiences short, quick symmetric or asymmetric muscle contractions in his/her torso, arms, and legs
Myoclonic
Type of seizures are characterized by loss of consciousness and organized muscle tone. They were also once known as grand mal seizures.
Tonic - clonic
Type of seizure may blink his/her eyes or smack his/her lips.
Absence
Type of seizure that patient may experience skin flushing.
Partial seizure
If the muscles or nerves in spinal cord segment _______ are injured, an individual could have functional issues with arm elevation or forearm flexion.
C5 -C6 injury
If one has functional issues with shoulder shrugging, the muscles or nerves in spinal cord segment _____ are most likely injured.
C5
If one has functional issues with hand gripping, the muscles or nerves in spinal cord segment ____ and ____ are most likely injured.
C8 and T1
If one has functional issues with waist rotation, the muscles and nerves in spinal cord segment ___ - ___ are most likely injured.
T1 - T12
Vitamin that supports the spinal cord and the peripheral nervous system. If a patient has a Vitamin B12 deficiency, it may cause pernicious anemia.
Vit B12
Vitamin that supports the Krebs cycle.
Thiamine B1
Vitamin that is active in many enzymatic reactions in the central nervous system.
Pyridoxine (B6)
Vitamin that supports the synthesis of coenzymes.
Niacin
This syndrome will most likely experience ipsilateral loss of position.
Brown-Sequard syndrome
This syndrome will most likely experience lower extremity sensory loss.
Cauda equina
Patients with this syndrome will most likely experience the loss of pain below the lesion.
Anterior cord
Difference in lab values of viral and bacterial meningitis? Protein? Leukocytes? Glucose?
PROTEIN:
Viral: protein less than 200 mg/dl
Bacterial: more than 200
Normal: 15 to 45 mg/100ml
LEUKOCYTES:
Viral: Less than 1000 cells/ml
Bacterial: greater than 1000
Normal: 0 - 5
GLUCOSE:
Viral: elevated
Bacterial: low
Normal: 50 to 80 mg/100 ml
Damage to what area of central cord will result in loss of voluntary movement?
Anterior corticospinal tract
Correct dose of fosphenytoin/phisphenytoin (cerebyx) for status epilecticus?
15 to 18 mg/kg administered at 100 to 150 mgPE/min
Minimum amount of time for pt to recieve 1 gram of dilantin?
20 mins
To alleviate increased ICP associated with rapid sequence intubation of the head injured patient, pt needs?
Premedicate with nondepolarizing neuromascular blockinn agent like vecuronium (norcuron)
Sydrome occurs due to hyperflexion and results in varaible degrees of motor function loss accompanied bynlossnof some sensation below the level of the lesion?
Anterior cord
Syndrome result in loss if ipsilateral motorfunction and contralaeeal lossnof some sensation. Associated eith penetrating trauma such as GSW or stab wounds.
Brown-Sequard syndrome
Syndrome describes an injury to lumbosacral nerve roots with varying degrees if motor and sensory loss in lower limbs.
Cauda equina
Syndrome is seen after spinal hyperextension and associated with disease state such as syphilis.
Posterior cord
Normal ICP range?
1 - 15 mmHg
What will the pt exhibit with a complete spinal cord lesion at the levelnof C4?
Quadriplegia
Doll’s eye phenomenon and ice water caloric response are helpful in testing for dysfunction of hat part of the brain?
Brain Stem
Hallmark sign of basilar fracture?
Combativeness
Cranial nerve that regulates pupil size and reactivity on the side ipsilateral to injury?
Cranial nerve 3 or oculomotor nerve
