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CEN > Cardiology > Flashcards

Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

Posterior infarc

A

posterior view requires placement of leads along a horizontal plane for V7, V8, and V9.

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2
Q

Lateral infarc

A

Infarction in the lateral area of the heart affects ECG leads in the lateral region, including leads I, aVL, V5, and V6

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3
Q

Inferior MI can result to?

A

Inferior MI can result to:

1st, 2nd, 3rd, degree AV block

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4
Q

Anterior/septal infarct can result to?

A

Anterior/septal infarct can result to:

Sinus tachy and Afib

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5
Q

Extensive anterior infarct can result to?

A

Extensive anterior infarct can result to: Sudden cardiac death

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6
Q

Explain the pathophysiology of metabolic acidosis as a result of cardiogenic shock

A

Cardiogenic shock - hypoperfusion - decrease o2 delivery to tissues - anerobic metabolism takes over due to O2 deficit - a byproduct of AM is lactic acid - as lactic acid accumulates buffer system becomes exausted - metalbolic acidosis occurs.

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7
Q

Cardiogenic shock
Cardiac output?
Cardiac index?

A

Cardiogenic shock

Cardiac output

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8
Q

Anterior infarc

A

V3, V4, and aVF

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9
Q

Normal value of ankle-brachial index (ABI)

A

Normal value is 0.9 to 1.3

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10
Q

What is Ankle- brachial index (ABI)?

A

Ankle- brachial index (ABI)— the ratio of the systolic blood pressure of the ankle to the systolic blood pressure of the arm • Normal value is 0.9 to 1.3.
Less than 0.9 is indication of peripheral arterial disease.

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11
Q

EKG changes in SVT?

A

Ventricular rate 150 to 300 beats per minute • QRS complex narrow (less than 0.12 seconds) unless there is aberrant ventricular conduction • P waves often difficult to discern, as they may be buried in the preceding QRS complex.

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12
Q

Formula for manually calculating mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

A

Formula for manually calculating mean arterial pressure (MAP): (Systolic pressure + 2[diastolic pressure])/by 3

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13
Q

What level of venous saturation SvO2 indicated hypoperfusion?

A

SvO 2 of less than 60% indicates hypoperfusion.

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14
Q

Normal blood lactate concentration?

A

The normal blood lactate concentration in unstressed patients is 0.5-1 mmol/L. Patients with critical illness can be considered to have normal lactate concentrations of less than 2 mmol/L.

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15
Q

Lactate level indicares widespread hypoperfusion?

A

A base deficit greater than −4mEq/L or a serum lactate level greater than 4.0mmol/L indicates widespread tissue hypoperfusion.

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16
Q

Desired urine output on recovering patient from shock?

A

Urine output of 0.5mL/kg per hour or 30 to 60mL per hour

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17
Q

Whatbis normal CVP?

A

8 to 12 mm Hg

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18
Q

Normal PR interval?

A

0.12 - 0.20 sec

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19
Q

Normal QRS duration?

A

0.06 - 0.10 sec

20
Q

Normal QT interval?

A

(QTc ≤ 0.40 sec

21
Q

AR of Lithium on patients with CV dse?

A

Dysrhythmias

22
Q

AR of Doxorubicin on patients with CV dse?

A

Cardiomyopathy

23
Q

AR of Phenothiazines on patients with CV dse?

A

Hypotension

24
Q

What does chronotropic cardac medications do? Example of drug?

A

Increases pulse rate. Eg: atropine

25
Q

What does inotropic medication do? Drug example?

A

Increases cardiac contractility. Eg: dobutamine

26
Q

What does dromotrope medications do? Drug example?

A

Increases cardiac conductivity. Eg of dromotrope is phenytoin.

27
Q

Heart sound is also known as the atrial gallop and could sound like “Ten-nes-see.” It is a low pitched sound which coincides with late diastolic filling of the ventricle due to atrial contraction.

A

Heart sound 4

28
Q

Heart sound is also known as the ventricular gallop and could sound like “Ken-tuc-ky.” Heart sound 1 is the loudest at the apex, and heart sound 2 is the loudest at the base.

A

Heart sound 3

29
Q

In order to appropriately treat the pregnant woman with cardiopulmonary arrest, it is important to search for and treat any contributing factors. The mnemonic BEAU-CHOPS is used to highlight common contributing factors. The mnemonic is as follows?

A 
Bleeding
Embolism
Anesthetic complications
Uterine atony
Cardiac disease
Hypertension
Others (consider H's and T's)
Placental abruption or previa, and
Sepsis.
30
Q

What is Virchow’s triad?

A

Rudolph Virchow described the three most common risk factors which predispose one for thrombosis.
These include venous stasis, endothelial injury, and hypercoagulable states.

31
Q

What elevated Potassium do to QRS?

A

Widen

32
Q

What elevated Potassium do to PR interval?

A

Lengthen

33
Q

What elevated Potassium do to T waves?

A

Tall peaked T waves

34
Q

What elevated Potassium do to P waves?

A

P waves can disappear.

35
Q

EKG changes in pt with addisson’s?

A

Prolonged QT intervals, QRS complexes, or PR intervals.

36
Q

II, III, aVF ST elevation indicates?

A

Right ventricular infarction

37
Q

Define parhologic Q wave?

A

A pathologic Q wave, if present on rhythm slip or ekg, is a negative deflection following the P wave that is deeper than 1/3 the QRS height or longer than 0.04 seconds.

38
Q

Antidysrhytmic medication recommended to wide complex tachycardia? Dose?

A

Amiodarone 150 mg IV bolus over 10 mins followed by continious infusion.

39
Q

Most occuring cardiac dysrhythimia among pediatric patient?

A

SVT

40
Q

IV treatment for Non-STEMI

A

Epitifibatide (Integrilin)

41
Q

Gial for fibrinolytic therapy in pt with acute MI?

A

Restore coronary blow flow. Dissolve clots.

42
Q

Door to balloon time for PTCI?

A

90 mins, plus or minus 30 mins

43
Q

QT prolongation and characteristic J (Osborne) waves suggest what?

A

Hypothermia

44
Q

Electrical current delivered to the ventricle during ventricular repolarization is called?

A

R on T phenomenon

45
Q

Criteria best describes which infant size defib should be used?

A

Wt between 2 to 5 kg.

CEN (17 decks)

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