neurology

Question 1

spina bifida occulta

Answer 1

bony spinal canal fails to close, no structural herniation. lumbar. dura is intact.
tuft of hair or skin dimple

Question 2

meningocele

Answer 2

meninges (no neural tissue) herniates through bony defect

Question 3

meningomyelocele

Answer 3

meninges and neural tissue herniate through bony defect

Question 4

anencephaly

Answer 4

malformation of anterior nueral tube, no forebrain
open calvarium
polyhydromnios (no swallowing center in brain)
type 1 diabetes
folate supplement

Question 5

neural tube defects

Answer 5

neuropores fail to fuse (4th week)
amniotic cavity and spinal cord
low folic acid intake before conception and during pregnancy
alpha fetal protein
ACHe