musculoskeletal Flashcards
posterior drawer sign
posterior gliding due to PCL injury
unhappy triad
lateral force applied to planted leg
ACL, MCL, and medial meniscus (attached to MCL) or lateral meniscus (more common)
prepatellar bursitis
“housemaids knee”
knee walking type of movement for an extended period of time
locking and unlocking the knee joint
unlocking–lateral rotation of the femur, popliteus muscle
locking–medial rotation
baker’s cyst
fluid filled cyst in the posterior aspect of the knee often caused by arthritis or cartilage tear (popliteal cyst)
infrapatellar bursitis
kneeling on hard surface for extended period of time
rotator cuff
S-supraspinatus (suprascapular nerve)–abducts arm initially (before action of deltoid) most common, assessed by empty/full can test
I-infraspinatus (suprascapular nerve)–lateral rotation, pitching injury (laterally rotate arm to pitch ball at infrared beam)
t-teres minor–axillary nerve, adducts and laterally rotates
S-subscapularis (upper and lower subscapular nerve)–medially roates and adducts arm
C5-C6
medial rotation–subscapularis
lateral rotation-infraspinatus and teres minor
abduction-supraspinatus
adduction–teres minor
medial vs lateral epicondylitis
medial–golfer’s elbow–repetitive flexion
lateral–tennis elbow (backhand)–repetitive extension
scaphoid bone
palpated in anatomic snuff box
most commonly fractured carpal bone and is prone to avascular necrosis (retrograde blood supply)
hamate
hook of hamate can be damaged by fall on outstretched arm causing ulnar nerve damage
wrist bones
some lovers try positions that they cant handle
palm up, left hand, left to right
scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
carpal tunnel
entrapment of median nerve in carpal tunnel
palmar cutaneous branch of median nerve arises proximal to the canal and passes superficial to flexor retinaculum, so sensation in tact.
muscles of the thenar compartment, and 1st and 2nd lumbercals
1/2 LOAF
1/3 lumbercles, abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis
sensory innervation to the skin on the lateral palm and palmar surface of the lateral 3 1/2 digits, and dorsal distal half of these digits
median nerve…. so opposite of ulnar (pinky) side.. thenar compartment
ulnar tunnel/guyon’s canal
medial side of anterior wrist
flexor retinaculum is floor, palmar carpa ligament is roof, pisiform and hamate are lateral border
ulnar artery and nerve pass through palm
axillary nerve injury
surgical neck of humerus
anterior dislocation of humerus
flattened deltoid–>flattened abduction of shoulder after 15 degrees (first 15 is supraspinatus via suprascapular nerve)
loss of sensation over deltoid muscle and lateral arm
musculocutaneous
upper trunk compression
loss of forearm flexion and supination
loss of sensation over lateral forarm
radial
midshaft fracture of humerus, compression of axilla (crutches) or saturday night palsy
wrist drop (loss of elbow, wrist, and finger extension)
decreases grip strength
loss of sensation over posterior arm/forearm and dorsal hand
no hand muscles, but skin over the lateral aspect of the ahnd and the dorsum of the proximal parts of lateral 3 1/2 digits
posterior compartment of forearm–brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus/brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris, supinator, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicus longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor indicis,
ALL EXTENSORS
median nerve
supracondylar frature of humerus/proximal lesion
carpal tunnel syndrome
ape hand, pope’s blessing
lost of wrist flexion, flexion of lateral fingers, thumb opposition (APE), lumbericals of 2nd and 3rd digits
sensation over thenar eminence
ulnar
fracture of medial epicondyle of humerus, funny bone
ulnar claw on extension
radial deviation of wrist upon flexion (proximal)
reccurrent branch of median nerve
superficial laceration of palm
ape hand,
no loss of sensation
brachial plexus lesions
upper trunk (C5-C6)— erb palsy/waiter’s tip
lower trunk–claw hand
posterior cord (axillary/radial=extensors)–wrist drop
long thoracic–wing scapula
axillary–deltoid payalysis
radial–saturday night palsy with wrist drop
musculocutaneous–difficulty flexing elbow
median–pope’s blessing
ulnar–intrinsic hand muscles, claw hand
pairing of neurovasculature
surgical neck of humerus–axillary and posterior circumflex
midshaft of humerus–radial and deep brachial
distal humerus/cubital fossa–medial and brachial
popliteal fossa-tibial nerve, popliteal artery
posterior to medial malleolus–tibial nerve, posterior tibial artery
type 1 muscle fibers
1 slow red ox
slow twitch
red fibers from increased mitochondria and myoglobin
increased oxidative phosphorylation–>sustained contraction
Myasthenia gravis
most common NMJ disorder
autoantibodies to postsynaptic ACh receptor
AChE inhibitor administration reverses symptoms
layers of skin
Can lynn get some beer corneum (keratin) lucidum (thick skin) granulosum spinosum (desmesomes) basale (stem cell site, melanocytes)
