Cardiovascular Clinical Correlates

Question 1

Tetralogy of Fallot

Answer 1

displacement of infundibular septum
most common type of early childhood cyanosis.
1)pulmonary stenosis
2)right ventricular hypertrophy) (BOOT SHAPED HEART)
3)Overriding aorta
4)VSD (right shunt)
TET SPELLS

Question 2

ASD

Answer 2

loud S1, wide fixed split S2.
ostium secundum–isolated
ostium primum-with other cardiac anomalies
NOT patent foramen ovale—(unfused)

Question 3

Patent ductus arterious

Answer 3

normal shunt (right to left) then decreased lung resistance, now shunt LEFT TO RIGHT. 
if left uncorrected, you get eisenmenger syndrome (VSD, ASD,PDA)

Question 4

Down syndrome heart defect

Answer 4

AV septal defect, VSD, ASD

Question 5

catch 22 heart defects

Answer 5

truncus arteriosus, tetralogy of fallot

Question 6

prenatal litium exposre associated heart defect

Answer 6

ebstein anomoly

Question 7

diabetes heart defect for infant

Answer 7

transposition of great vessels

Question 8

marfan syndrome heart defect

Answer 8

fibrillin 1, MVP, thoracic aortic aneursym and dissection, aortic regurgitation,

Question 9

turner syndrome heart defect

Answer 9

coarctation of aorta

Question 10

transposition of great vessels

Answer 10

aorta to rv, pulmonary trunk to lv, need shunt in order to allow mixing of blood, or patent foramen ovale,
failure of aoriticopulmonary septum to sprial

Question 11

Hemoglobin development and HbF vs HbA1

Answer 11

HbF has higher affinity for O2 (less 2,3 BPG)to allow HbF to abstract O2 from maternal HgA1/A2)

Question 12

5T’s of Right to Left Shunt

Answer 12

1. Truncus arteriosus (1 vessel)
2. Transposition (2 switched vessels)
   3)Tricuspid atresia (3=tri)
3. Tetralogy of Fallout (4=tet)
   5.TAPVR (ASD and sometimes PDA)
   (right shunt=VSD)