Neurology Flashcards
Failure of neural tube to close spontaneously bet 3rd & 4th wk of gestation
Meningocele
Failure of closure of rostral neuropore
Anencephaly
The most severe form of neural tube defect
Meningocele
Type of hydrocephalus: obliteration of the subarachnoid cisterns
Nonobstructive/ communication type
Malfunction of the arachnoid villi
Nonobstructive/ communication type
Obstruction within the ventricular system
Obstructive/ noncommunication type
Where is CSF produced
Choroid plexus epithelium within the cerebral ventricles
Setting sun sign
Eyes deviate downward due to impingement of the dilated suprapineal recess on the tectum (hydrocephalus)
Macewen sign
Separation of sutures produced by percussion of skull (hydrocephalus)
Cracked pot seansation
Major cause of complication of shunts (extracranial shunts for hydrocephalus)
Staph epidermidis infection)
Most common seizure do in childhood
Febrile seizure
Februle seizure (age of onset)
9 mos - 5 yrs
Rare before 9 mos and after 5 yrs
One seizure lasting 30 min or
Multiple sz during 30 min w/o regaining consciousness
Status epilepticus
Most prevalent type of migraine
Migraine w/o aura
Brilliant white zigzag lines in migraine
Fortification spectra (migraine with aura)
Persistent headache lasting > 3 days
Status migrainosus
Tx for Status migrainosus
Prochlorperazine IV 0.15 mg/kg max 10mg
Headache common after onset if puberty
Tension/ stress headache
Two neurocutaneous syndromes
Tuberous sclerosis
Neurofibromatosis
Candle dripping appearance
Tuberous sclerosis
Organisms most commonly cause viral meningitis
Echovirus Coxsackievirus Adenovirus Cmv HSV
Duration of antibiotics in brain abscess
4-6 weeks
Earliest and most constant signs of myasthenia gravis
Ptosis and some degree of extraocular muscle weakness
Facts about MG
Characteristic feature: fatigue of muscles
Proximal > distal muscle weakness
Most symptomatic late in the day or when tired
Life threatening due to respiratory muscle inv
Symmetric ascending muscle paralysis
GBS
Miller fisher syndrome
Acute ophthalmoplegia , ataxia, areflexia
GBS
Last function to recover in GBS
Tendon reflexes
3 clinical features predictive of poor outcomes
Cranial nerve involvement
Need for intubation
Maximum disability at the time of presentation
Diagnostic for GBS
Albuminocytologic dissociation
(Dissociation bet high CSF protein and lack of cellular response
A nonprogressive do of posture and movt often assoc w/ epilepsy & abn of speech & intellect from a defect or lesion of developing brain
Cerebral palsy
Most severe form of CP
Spastic quadriplegia
- marked motor impairment of all ext
- assoc w/ MR & Sz
2nd most prevalent malignancy in childhood
Brain tumors
Homer-wright rosettes
Medulloblastoma
Infratentorial tumors
Cerebellar astrocytoma
Medulloblastoma
Brainstem glioma
Ependymoma
Supratentorial tumors
Craniopharyngioma
Optic nerve glioma
Astrocytoma
Choroid plexus papilloma
The most common infratentorial tumor and with best prognosis
Cerebellar astrocytoma
Tear in middle meningeal artery
Epidural hematoma
Tearing of the bridging veins bet cerebral cortex and dura
Subdural hematoma