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Pedia Blitz > Neurology > Flashcards

Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

Failure of neural tube to close spontaneously bet 3rd & 4th wk of gestation

A

Meningocele

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2
Q

Failure of closure of rostral neuropore

A

Anencephaly

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3
Q

The most severe form of neural tube defect

A

Meningocele

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4
Q

Type of hydrocephalus: obliteration of the subarachnoid cisterns

A

Nonobstructive/ communication type

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5
Q

Malfunction of the arachnoid villi

A

Nonobstructive/ communication type

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6
Q

Obstruction within the ventricular system

A

Obstructive/ noncommunication type

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7
Q

Where is CSF produced

A

Choroid plexus epithelium within the cerebral ventricles

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8
Q

Setting sun sign

A

Eyes deviate downward due to impingement of the dilated suprapineal recess on the tectum (hydrocephalus)

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9
Q

Macewen sign

A

Separation of sutures produced by percussion of skull (hydrocephalus)
Cracked pot seansation

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10
Q

Major cause of complication of shunts (extracranial shunts for hydrocephalus)

A

Staph epidermidis infection)

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11
Q

Most common seizure do in childhood

A

Febrile seizure

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12
Q

Februle seizure (age of onset)

A

9 mos - 5 yrs

Rare before 9 mos and after 5 yrs

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13
Q

One seizure lasting 30 min or

Multiple sz during 30 min w/o regaining consciousness

A

Status epilepticus

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14
Q

Most prevalent type of migraine

A

Migraine w/o aura

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15
Q

Brilliant white zigzag lines in migraine

A

Fortification spectra (migraine with aura)

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16
Q

Persistent headache lasting > 3 days

A

Status migrainosus

17
Q

Tx for Status migrainosus

A

Prochlorperazine IV 0.15 mg/kg max 10mg

18
Q

Headache common after onset if puberty

A

Tension/ stress headache

19
Q

Two neurocutaneous syndromes

A

Tuberous sclerosis

Neurofibromatosis

20
Q

Candle dripping appearance

A

Tuberous sclerosis

21
Q

Organisms most commonly cause viral meningitis

A 
Echovirus
Coxsackievirus
Adenovirus
Cmv
HSV
22
Q

Duration of antibiotics in brain abscess

A

4-6 weeks

23
Q

Earliest and most constant signs of myasthenia gravis

A

Ptosis and some degree of extraocular muscle weakness

24
Q

Facts about MG

A

Characteristic feature: fatigue of muscles
Proximal > distal muscle weakness
Most symptomatic late in the day or when tired
Life threatening due to respiratory muscle inv

25
Q

Symmetric ascending muscle paralysis

A

GBS

26
Q

Miller fisher syndrome

A

Acute ophthalmoplegia , ataxia, areflexia

GBS

27
Q

Last function to recover in GBS

A

Tendon reflexes

28
Q

3 clinical features predictive of poor outcomes

A

Cranial nerve involvement
Need for intubation
Maximum disability at the time of presentation

29
Q

Diagnostic for GBS

A

Albuminocytologic dissociation

(Dissociation bet high CSF protein and lack of cellular response

30
Q

A nonprogressive do of posture and movt often assoc w/ epilepsy & abn of speech & intellect from a defect or lesion of developing brain

A

Cerebral palsy

31
Q

Most severe form of CP

A

Spastic quadriplegia

  • marked motor impairment of all ext
  • assoc w/ MR & Sz
32
Q

2nd most prevalent malignancy in childhood

A

Brain tumors

33
Q

Homer-wright rosettes

A

Medulloblastoma

34
Q

Infratentorial tumors

A

Cerebellar astrocytoma
Medulloblastoma
Brainstem glioma
Ependymoma

35
Q

Supratentorial tumors

A

Craniopharyngioma
Optic nerve glioma
Astrocytoma
Choroid plexus papilloma

36
Q

The most common infratentorial tumor and with best prognosis

A

Cerebellar astrocytoma

37
Q

Tear in middle meningeal artery

A

Epidural hematoma

38
Q

Tearing of the bridging veins bet cerebral cortex and dura

A

Subdural hematoma

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