Infectious Flashcards
Period of communicability of pertussis
7 days after exposure to 4 wks after onset of typical paroxysms
Period of communicability of neisseria meningitidis
24 hours after initiating effective treatment
Drug of choice for meningococcemia
Penicillin G 250 000 - 400 000 U/kg/day IV in 4-6 divided doses for at least 5-7 days
Prophylaxis for N. meningitidis (meningococcemia)
Rifampicin (children)
Ceftriaxone 125 mg single dose IM (18 yo)
Rose spots
Salmonella Maculopapular rashes Visible on day 7-10 of illness Lower chest or abdomen Lasts 2-3 days
Chronic carriers for S. typhi
Those who excrete S. typhi for more than 3 months
Require very low inocula to cause illness (as few as 10 organism)
Shigella
Predominant strain of cholera
01: classic and el tor
Late manifestations of congenital syphilis
Frontal bossing (olympian brow) Hogoumenakis sign Saber shins Saddle nose Scaphoid scapula Hutchinson teeth Mulberry molars Rhagades Clutton joint
Acute systemic febrile rxn w/ exacerbation of lesions of all px w/ acquired or congenital syphilis who are treated with penicillin
Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction
Fever of leptospirosis
Biphasic
Screening for recent or recurrent leptospira infections
Macroscopic agglutination test
Most useful screening test
Microscopic slide-agglutination test using killed Ags
Period of communicability for measles
4 days before and 4 days after onset of rash
When does koplik spots appear
Before the prodrome (high grade fever with conjunctivitis and colds)
Timing of appearance of rash in measles
Height of fever
SSPE
Measles
Period of communicability of rubella
7 days before and 7 days after onset of rash
Most characteristic sign of rubella
Retroauricular, posterior cervical, & postoccipital lymphadenopathy
(24 hrs before the rash, remains for 1 week)
Forscheimer spots
Rubella
Discrete rose spots on the soft palate
Complication of congenital rubella on the heart
Structural defect like PDA
Blueberry muffin skin lesion
Congenital rubella
CMV
Period of communicability of mumps
I1-2 days before onset of parotid swelling until 5 days after
Most frequent complication of mumps
Meningoencephalitis
Most common type of roseola
Type B
Nagayama spots
Roseola
- Asians
- ulcers in uvulopalatoglossal junction
Period of communicability of varicella zoster virus
1-2 days before onset of rash until 3-7 days after and all the lesions have crusted
When is acyclovir given
Most effective if given within 24 hours of onset of rash
Cause of hand-foot and mouth disease
Coxsackievirus A16
The rash in this infection is not infectious at presentation
Erythema infectiosum (parvovirus B19) (Rash & arthropathy represent immune mediated, post-infectious phenomenon)
Lacy, reticulated appearance of rash esp on the extensors
Erythema infectiosum (parvovirus B19)
Fifth disease
Erythema infectiosum (parvovirus B19)
Sixth disease
Exanthem subitum (roseola/ hhv 6)
The most common manifestation of primary HSV infection
Herpetic gingivostomatitis
Herpetic gingivostomatitis hallmark
Skin vesicles and shallow ulcers
Herpetic gingivostomatitis most commonly affects
6months - 5 yrs
Parts of the brain affected by HSV
Frontal, temporal, and limbic system
Gold standard in diagnosis of HSV
Virus culture
First human virus to be associated with malignancy
EBV
Heterophil antibody (paul bunnell antibodies) positive
EBV
Most feared complication of EBV Infectious Mononucleosis
Splenic rupture due to trauma during 2nd week of illness
Condition assoc with IM
Symm rash on cheeks
Mult erythematous papules w/c may coalesce into plaques
Gianotti-crosti syndrome
Most common congenital infection which causes the syndrome of cytomegalic inclusion disease
Cytomegalovirus
Pathognomonic of CMV infection
Strikingly enlarged epithelial or mesenchymal cells with large intranuclear inclusions
