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Step 2 CK > Neurology > Flashcards

Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

2 most common locations of aneurysms in the circle of willis

A

ACA and PCA

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2
Q

spinal cord lesion with fasciculations and spastic paralysis

A

ALS

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3
Q

spinal cord lesion with impaired proprioception and pupils do not react to light

A

tabes dorsalis (3 syphilis)

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4
Q

spinal cord lesion with bilateral loss of pain and temp below the lesion and hand weakness

A

syringomyelia

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5
Q

spinal cord lesion with bilateral loss of vibration sense and spastic paralysis of legs then arms

A

B12 deficiency

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6
Q

spinal cord lesion bilateral loss of pain/temp below lesion and bilateral spastic paralysis below lesion and bilateral flaccid paralysis at level of lesion

A

ant spinal artery syndrome

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7
Q

lesion causing contralateral hemiballismus

A

subthalamic nucleus

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8
Q

lesion causing hemispatial neglect syndrome

A

non dominant parietal

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9
Q

lesion causing poor comprehension

A

wernicke

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10
Q

lesion causing poor vocal expression

A

broca

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11
Q

lesion causing personality changes

A

frontal brain

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12
Q

lesion causing agraphia and acalculia

A

dominant parietal

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13
Q

where does dorsal column, lateral corticospinal and spinothalamic tract decussate/cross over

A

medulla

medullary pyramids

ant commissure

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14
Q

artery infarct causing aphasia

A

MCA

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15
Q

features of brown sequard

A

ipsi motor weakness, vibration, touch, spastic, flaccid weakness

contra pain/temp

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16
Q

tx for fungal meningitis

A

amphotericin B

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17
Q

tx for TB meningitis

A

RIPE

rifampin
isoniazid
pyrazinamide
ethambutol

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18
Q

berry aneurysm location

A

ACA and PCA

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19
Q

other drug with abx to patient suspected of having bacterial meningitis

A

dexamethasone

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20
Q

viral meningitis with temporal lobe lesion

A

HSV encephalitis

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21
Q

features of reye syndrome

A

brain and liver issues with hypoglycemia

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22
Q

dx of progressive muscle weakness, good sensation, HA, vomiting, neck pain, fever. CSF shows increased lymph, gluc and protein nl.

A

polio

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23
Q

antihypertensive for patient with migraine and anti HTN

A

CCB or beta blocker

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24
Q

lesion leading to coma

A

reticular activation system

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25
Q

antiplatelet medications used after TIA

A

clopidogrel and aspirin/dipyridamole

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26
Q

four common sequelae of meningitis in children

A
  1. hearing loss
  2. intellectual disability
  3. seizure
  4. spastic paralysis
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27
Q

dx of single ring enhancing brain lesion in a patient with seizures

A

brain abscess

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28
Q

first line treatment for trigeminal neuralgia

A

carbamazepine

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29
Q

cause of epidural hematoma

A

rupture of middle meningeal artery

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30
Q

cause of subdural hematoma

A

rupture of bridging veins

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31
Q

BP goal for ischemic stroke and medications

A

less than 220/120

labetalol, nicardipine, NO nitroprusside

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32
Q

BP goal for intracerebral hemorrhage

A

less than 140-160

labetalol, nitroprusside

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33
Q

BP goal for SAH

A

less than 150

labetalol, nimodipine, NO nitroprusside

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34
Q

AIDS patient with meningitis, what preparation should be ordered in addition to CSF analysis, gram stain, culture

A

india ink

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35
Q

drug of choice for absence seizures

A

ethosuximide

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36
Q

lesion in parkinson disease

A

substantia nigra

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37
Q

lesion in huntington disease

A

caudate atrophy

38
Q

tx of parkinson disease

A

levodopa/carbidopa

39
Q

tx of huntington disease

A

tetrabenzene, antipsych

40
Q

EMG of ALS

A

muscular denervation

motor block

41
Q

tx for ALS

A

riluzole

42
Q

med to decrease relapses in patients with MS

A

IFN beta

glatiramer

43
Q

tx of alzheimer disease

A

donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine, memantine

44
Q

dementia + visual hallucinations and frequent falls

A

lewy body dementia

45
Q

dementia + inappropriate disinhibited social behavior and personality changes

A

frontotemporal dementia

46
Q

test for myasthenia gravis

A

tensilon test

47
Q

association with myasthenia gravis

A

thymus problem

48
Q

association with lambert eaton

A

small cell lung CA

49
Q

tx of GBS

A

plasmapharesis or IVIG

50
Q

tx for benign essential tremor

A

propranolol, benzos, primidone

51
Q

EEG pattern of absence seizures

A

3 Hz spike and wave

52
Q

Mets to brain

A

Lots of Bad Stuff Kill Glia

lung
breast
skin
kidney
GI
53
Q

neurofibromatosis type 1 - characteristics

A

cafe au lait spots, iris hamartomas, optic gliomas, freckling, neurofibroma

54
Q

tx of RLS and mechanism of action

A

pramiprexole, dopamine agonist

55
Q

EEG waveform with stages of sleep

A

Thirsty Bats Drink Blood

awake - beta
awake, relaxed - alpha
stage N1 - theta
stage N2 - sleep spindles/k complexes
stage N3 - delta
REM - beta
56
Q

benzos increase which stage and decrease which stages?

A

increase N2, decrease N3 and REM

57
Q

2 most common brain tumors in adults, 3 primary brain tumors in children

A

glioblastoma, meningioma

astrocytoma, medulloblastoma, ependymoma

58
Q

intact brainstem eye devates toward or away from cold water

A

devation towards cold water

59
Q

elbows in decorticate posturing

A

flexing

60
Q

definitive treatment of persistent hydrocephalus

A

shunt

61
Q

CSF findings in SAH

A

increased RBC in all 4 tubes, increased opening pressure, xanthochromia

62
Q

young child has loss of red light reflex, what dx

A

leukocoria leads to retinoblastoma

63
Q

lesion of right optic tract causes

A

left homonymous hemianopia

64
Q

horner syndrome sx and cause

A

ptosis, meiosis, anhidrosis

pancoast tumor

65
Q

diseases associated with anterior uveitis

A

PAIR

psoriatic arthritis
ankylosing spondylitis
IBD
reactive arthritis

juv idio arthritis
behcet
sarcoid
kawasake

66
Q

5 main lacunar syndromes from infarct

A 
pure motor
pure sens
sensorimotor
ataxic hemiparesis
dysarthria clumsy hand
67
Q

complaint of retinal detachment

A

trouble seeing, painless
floaters
shade/curtain over 1 eye

68
Q

acute angle closure glaucoma

A

painful, N/V, frontal HA, blurred vision, rock hard eye

69
Q

exam finding in open angle glaucoma

A

increased IOP, increased cup to disc ratio > 50%

70
Q

underlying cause of BPPV

A

dislodged otolith in ear

71
Q

Weber test, what are positive finding?

A

lateralizes to opp ear in sensorineural

lateralizes to ispsi ear in conductive

72
Q

sx of meniere’s disease

A

tinnitus, vertigo, hearing loss

73
Q

lesion in patient with hyperphagia, hyperorality, hypersexuality

A

kluver bucy syndrome

amygdala

74
Q

crescent shaped lesion

A

subdural hematoma

75
Q

tracts conveying which information

  • touch, vibration, pressure
  • voluntary motor command from motor cortex to body
  • voluntary from motor cortex to head/neck
  • pain and temp
  • personal adjustments and head movements
A
  • dorsal columns
  • corticopsinal
  • corticobulbar tracts
  • spinothalamic
  • vestibulospinal tract
76
Q

sx of basilar artery stroke

A

CN abnormalities, AMS/coma, vertigo, contra full body weakness, sens deficit

77
Q

tx of intracranial hypertension

A

acetazolamide

78
Q

what is todd’s paralysis

A

post ictal hemiparesis lasting about 15 hours

79
Q

patient presents with ptosis and diplopia that worsens throughout the day, underlying problem?

A

myasthenia gravis

abd to AchR at NMJ

80
Q

most common cause of sensorineural hearing loss

most common cause of conductive hearing loss

A

presbycusis

otosclerosis

81
Q

most common complication of recurrent otitis media

A

hearing loss

82
Q

physical signs of cholesteatoma

A

grayish white pearly lesion behind TM

83
Q

pattern of vision loss for glaucoma

A

periph to central vision loss

84
Q

pattern of vision loss for macular def

A

central to periph vision loss

85
Q

lung ca and muscle weakness diagnosis

A

lambert eaton syndrome

86
Q

child with acute onset ear pain reveals large, reddish vesicles on TM. Dx, organism, tx?

A

bullous myringitis

mycoplasma

macrolides

87
Q

Treatment for acute angle-closure glaucoma?

A

acetazolamide, mannitol, beta blocker, alpha adrenergic, prostaglandins, cholinergic agonists

88
Q

Differential diagnosis for the dislocation of the lens of the eye?

A

Marfan, homocystinuria, alport syndrome

89
Q

treatment for macular degen?

A

vit c, vit e, beta carotene, cu, zinc

90
Q

treatment for retinal detachment

A

laser photocoag, cryotherapy

Step 2 CK (16 decks)

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