Neurology Flashcards
2 most common locations of aneurysms in the circle of willis
ACA and PCA
spinal cord lesion with fasciculations and spastic paralysis
ALS
spinal cord lesion with impaired proprioception and pupils do not react to light
tabes dorsalis (3 syphilis)
spinal cord lesion with bilateral loss of pain and temp below the lesion and hand weakness
syringomyelia
spinal cord lesion with bilateral loss of vibration sense and spastic paralysis of legs then arms
B12 deficiency
spinal cord lesion bilateral loss of pain/temp below lesion and bilateral spastic paralysis below lesion and bilateral flaccid paralysis at level of lesion
ant spinal artery syndrome
lesion causing contralateral hemiballismus
subthalamic nucleus
lesion causing hemispatial neglect syndrome
non dominant parietal
lesion causing poor comprehension
wernicke
lesion causing poor vocal expression
broca
lesion causing personality changes
frontal brain
lesion causing agraphia and acalculia
dominant parietal
where does dorsal column, lateral corticospinal and spinothalamic tract decussate/cross over
medulla
medullary pyramids
ant commissure
artery infarct causing aphasia
MCA
features of brown sequard
ipsi motor weakness, vibration, touch, spastic, flaccid weakness
contra pain/temp
tx for fungal meningitis
amphotericin B
tx for TB meningitis
RIPE
rifampin
isoniazid
pyrazinamide
ethambutol
berry aneurysm location
ACA and PCA
other drug with abx to patient suspected of having bacterial meningitis
dexamethasone
viral meningitis with temporal lobe lesion
HSV encephalitis
features of reye syndrome
brain and liver issues with hypoglycemia
dx of progressive muscle weakness, good sensation, HA, vomiting, neck pain, fever. CSF shows increased lymph, gluc and protein nl.
polio
antihypertensive for patient with migraine and anti HTN
CCB or beta blocker
lesion leading to coma
reticular activation system
antiplatelet medications used after TIA
clopidogrel and aspirin/dipyridamole
four common sequelae of meningitis in children
- hearing loss
- intellectual disability
- seizure
- spastic paralysis
dx of single ring enhancing brain lesion in a patient with seizures
brain abscess
first line treatment for trigeminal neuralgia
carbamazepine
cause of epidural hematoma
rupture of middle meningeal artery
cause of subdural hematoma
rupture of bridging veins
BP goal for ischemic stroke and medications
less than 220/120
labetalol, nicardipine, NO nitroprusside
BP goal for intracerebral hemorrhage
less than 140-160
labetalol, nitroprusside
BP goal for SAH
less than 150
labetalol, nimodipine, NO nitroprusside
AIDS patient with meningitis, what preparation should be ordered in addition to CSF analysis, gram stain, culture
india ink
drug of choice for absence seizures
ethosuximide
lesion in parkinson disease
substantia nigra
lesion in huntington disease
caudate atrophy
tx of parkinson disease
levodopa/carbidopa
tx of huntington disease
tetrabenzene, antipsych
EMG of ALS
muscular denervation
motor block
tx for ALS
riluzole
med to decrease relapses in patients with MS
IFN beta
glatiramer
tx of alzheimer disease
donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine, memantine
dementia + visual hallucinations and frequent falls
lewy body dementia
dementia + inappropriate disinhibited social behavior and personality changes
frontotemporal dementia
test for myasthenia gravis
tensilon test
association with myasthenia gravis
thymus problem
association with lambert eaton
small cell lung CA
tx of GBS
plasmapharesis or IVIG
tx for benign essential tremor
propranolol, benzos, primidone
EEG pattern of absence seizures
3 Hz spike and wave
Mets to brain
Lots of Bad Stuff Kill Glia
lung breast skin kidney GI
neurofibromatosis type 1 - characteristics
cafe au lait spots, iris hamartomas, optic gliomas, freckling, neurofibroma
tx of RLS and mechanism of action
pramiprexole, dopamine agonist
EEG waveform with stages of sleep
Thirsty Bats Drink Blood
awake - beta awake, relaxed - alpha stage N1 - theta stage N2 - sleep spindles/k complexes stage N3 - delta REM - beta
benzos increase which stage and decrease which stages?
increase N2, decrease N3 and REM
2 most common brain tumors in adults, 3 primary brain tumors in children
glioblastoma, meningioma
astrocytoma, medulloblastoma, ependymoma
intact brainstem eye devates toward or away from cold water
devation towards cold water
elbows in decorticate posturing
flexing
definitive treatment of persistent hydrocephalus
shunt
CSF findings in SAH
increased RBC in all 4 tubes, increased opening pressure, xanthochromia
young child has loss of red light reflex, what dx
leukocoria leads to retinoblastoma
lesion of right optic tract causes
left homonymous hemianopia
horner syndrome sx and cause
ptosis, meiosis, anhidrosis
pancoast tumor
diseases associated with anterior uveitis
PAIR
psoriatic arthritis
ankylosing spondylitis
IBD
reactive arthritis
juv idio arthritis
behcet
sarcoid
kawasake
5 main lacunar syndromes from infarct
pure motor pure sens sensorimotor ataxic hemiparesis dysarthria clumsy hand
complaint of retinal detachment
trouble seeing, painless
floaters
shade/curtain over 1 eye
acute angle closure glaucoma
painful, N/V, frontal HA, blurred vision, rock hard eye
exam finding in open angle glaucoma
increased IOP, increased cup to disc ratio > 50%
underlying cause of BPPV
dislodged otolith in ear
Weber test, what are positive finding?
lateralizes to opp ear in sensorineural
lateralizes to ispsi ear in conductive
sx of meniere’s disease
tinnitus, vertigo, hearing loss
lesion in patient with hyperphagia, hyperorality, hypersexuality
kluver bucy syndrome
amygdala
crescent shaped lesion
subdural hematoma
tracts conveying which information
- touch, vibration, pressure
- voluntary motor command from motor cortex to body
- voluntary from motor cortex to head/neck
- pain and temp
- personal adjustments and head movements
- dorsal columns
- corticopsinal
- corticobulbar tracts
- spinothalamic
- vestibulospinal tract
sx of basilar artery stroke
CN abnormalities, AMS/coma, vertigo, contra full body weakness, sens deficit
tx of intracranial hypertension
acetazolamide
what is todd’s paralysis
post ictal hemiparesis lasting about 15 hours
patient presents with ptosis and diplopia that worsens throughout the day, underlying problem?
myasthenia gravis
abd to AchR at NMJ
most common cause of sensorineural hearing loss
most common cause of conductive hearing loss
presbycusis
otosclerosis
most common complication of recurrent otitis media
hearing loss
physical signs of cholesteatoma
grayish white pearly lesion behind TM
pattern of vision loss for glaucoma
periph to central vision loss
pattern of vision loss for macular def
central to periph vision loss
lung ca and muscle weakness diagnosis
lambert eaton syndrome
child with acute onset ear pain reveals large, reddish vesicles on TM. Dx, organism, tx?
bullous myringitis
mycoplasma
macrolides
Treatment for acute angle-closure glaucoma?
acetazolamide, mannitol, beta blocker, alpha adrenergic, prostaglandins, cholinergic agonists
Differential diagnosis for the dislocation of the lens of the eye?
Marfan, homocystinuria, alport syndrome
treatment for macular degen?
vit c, vit e, beta carotene, cu, zinc
treatment for retinal detachment
laser photocoag, cryotherapy
