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step 2 ck > Cardiology > Flashcards

Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

coronary artery most common site of occlusion

A

LAD

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2
Q

occlusion of LAD EKG leads

A

V1-V4

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3
Q

MAP equation

A

(2/3)DBP + (1/3)SBP

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4
Q

Biggest risk factor for AAA

A

smoking

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5
Q

lipid lowering agent with SE flushing

A

niacin

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6
Q

lipid lowering agent with SE elevated LFTs, myositis

A

statin, fibrates

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7
Q

lipid lowering agent with SE GI discomfort, bad taste

A

bile acid sequestrants

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8
Q

lipid lowering agent with best effect on HDL

A

niacin

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9
Q

lipid lowering agent with best effect on triglycerides

A

fibrates

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10
Q

lipid lowering agent with best effect on LDL/cholesterol

A

statin

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11
Q

lipid lowering agent which binds c diff toxin

A

cholestyramine

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12
Q

NTG function acutely in cardiac ischemic episode

A

peripheral venous dilation, decreased preload and work of heart

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13
Q

mechanism of action of streptokinase

A

converts plasminogen to plasmin

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14
Q

mechanism of action of aspirin

A

cox 1 and cox 2 inhibitor

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15
Q

mechanism of action of clopidogrel

A

ADP receptor blocker

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16
Q

mechanism of action of abciximab

A

GP2b/3a inhibitor

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17
Q

mechanism of action of tirofiban

A

Gp2b/3a inhibitor

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18
Q

mechanism of action of ticlopidine

A

ADP receptor blocker

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19
Q

mechanism of action of enoxaparin

A

antithrombin 3 activation

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20
Q

mechanism of action of eptifibatide

A

Gp2b/3a inhibitor

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21
Q

most common cause of death in patients with acute MI

A

cardiac arrhythmias

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22
Q

drug of choice in PSVT

A

adenosine

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23
Q

endocrine disorder that causes afib

A

hyperthyroid

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24
Q

antiarrhythmic drug avoided in patients with preexisting lung disease

A

amiodarone

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25
Q

tx of sustained v tach

A

cardioversion

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26
Q

nl range for ejection fraction

A

55-75%

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27
Q

outpatient tx for chronic CHF

A

ACEI/ARB

loop diuretics

aldo ant

beta blockers

dig

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28
Q

tx for acute exacerbations of CHF

A

NO LIP

nitrates, o2, loop diuretics, inotropic agents, positioning

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29
Q

triptans are contraindicated in:

A

CAD, prinzmetal angina, pregnancy, sulfa drugs

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30
Q

diastolic murmur best heard at left lower sternum that increases inspiration

A

tricuspid stenosis

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31
Q

late diastolic murmur with an opening snap (no change with inspiration)

A

mitral stenosis

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32
Q

systolic murmur best heard in second right interspace, parasternal

A

aortic stenosis

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33
Q

systolic murmur best heard in second left interspace, parasternal

A

pulmonic stenosis

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34
Q

late systolic murmur best heard at apex

A

MVP

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35
Q

diastolic murmur with a widened pulse pressure

A

aortic regurgitation

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36
Q

holosystolic murmur at the left lower sternum that is louder with inspiration

A

tricuspid regurgitation

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37
Q

holosystolic murmur heard at the apex and radiates to the axilla

A

mitral regurgitation

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38
Q

disease with heart failure, DM, elevated LFTs

A

hemochromatosis

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39
Q

most common viruses that cause myocarditis

A

coxsackie, echo, adeno, EBV, CMV, influ

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40
Q

major Jones criteria for acute rheumatic fever

A

JONES

joints
pancarditis, valvular dx
nodules
erythema marginatum
sydenham chorea
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41
Q

describe janeway lesion, osler node, roth spots, splinter hemorrhages

A

janeway - painless petechia on palmar surfaces

osler - painful petechia on pads fingers/toes

roth - retinal hemorrhages

splinter hemorrhages - hemorrhages under nails

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42
Q

most common cause of secondary HTN

A

renal disease

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43
Q

H causes of pulseless electrical activity

A 
hypoxemia
hypoglycemia
hypothermia
hypovolemia
H+
hyper/hypo K
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44
Q

first line antiHTN with pt with diabetes

A

ACEI/ARB

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45
Q

first line antiHTN with pt with heart failure

A

beta blocker, ACEi/arb, aldo ant

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46
Q

first line antiHTN with pt with BPH

A

alpha blocker

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47
Q

first line antiHTN with pt with LVH

A

ACEI/ARB

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48
Q

first line antiHTN with pt with hyperthyroidism

A

beta blocker

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49
Q

first line antiHTN with pt with osteoporosis

A

thiazide

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50
Q

first line antiHTN with pt with benign essential tremor

A

beta blocker

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51
Q

first line antiHTN with pt with postmenopausal woman

A

thiazide

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52
Q

first line antiHTN with pt with migraines

A

beta blocker

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53
Q

antiHTN drug with SE first dose orthostatic hypotension

A

alpha blocker

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54
Q

antiHTN drug with SE hypertrichosis

A

minoxidil

55
Q

antiHTN drug with SE dry mouth, sedation, severe rebound HTN

A

clonidine

56
Q

antiHTN drug with SE bradycardia, impotence, asthma exacerbation

A

beta blocker

57
Q

antiHTN drug with SE reflex tachy

A

vasodilators

58
Q

antiHTN drug with SE cough

A

ACEI

59
Q

antiHTN drug with SE avoid in patients with sulfa allergy

A

thiazide and loop

60
Q

antiHTN drug with SE angioedema

A

ACEI

61
Q

antiHTN drug with SE development of drug induced lupus

A

hydralazine

62
Q

antiHTN drug with SE cyanide tox

A

nitroprusside

63
Q

beck’s triad for cardiac tamponade

A

decreased BP, distant heart sounds, JVD

64
Q

hypoperfusion and tissue ischemia can lead to what chemical marker abnormality

A

lactic acid

65
Q

complications can arise from use of vasopressors such as NE in treating shock

A

ischemia/necrosis of fingers/toes

mesenteric ischemia

renal failure

66
Q

adverse effects of statin use

lab changes

A

myositis and hepatotoxicity

CPK, LFTs

67
Q

shock causing decreased CO, decreased PCWP, decreased peripheral vascular resistance

A

anaphylactic or neurogenic shock

68
Q

antiHTN drug with SE increased intracranial pressure

A

nitroprusside

69
Q

next step in management of pt with DVT with high likelihood of falling

A

IVC filter

70
Q

preferred placement of swan ganz catheter

A

right IJ and left subclavian

71
Q

vasculitis with weak pulses in upper extremities

A

takayasu

72
Q

vasculitis with necrotizing immune complex inflammation of visceral/renal vessels

A

PAN

73
Q

vasculitis with young male smokers

A

thromboangiitis obliterans

74
Q

vasculitis with young asian women

A

takayasu

75
Q

vasculitis with young asthmatics

A

eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis

76
Q

vasculitis with infants and young children, involving coronary

A

kawasaki

77
Q

vasculitis with most common vasculitis

A

temporal arteritis

78
Q

vasculitis with associated hep B infection

A

PAN

79
Q

vasculitis with occlusion of opthalmic arteryt leading to bliondness, unilateral HA, jaw claudication

A

temporarl arteritis

80
Q

what structure of fetal circulation closes after birth

A

ductus venosus, foramen ovale, ductus arterosus, umb vein, umb artery (2)

81
Q

most common congenital heart defect

A

VSD

82
Q

five cyanotic congenital heart defects

A

persistent truncus arteriosus

transposition of great vessels

tricuspid atresia

tetralogy of fallot

TAPVR

83
Q

abnormalities associated with tetralogy of Fallot

A

IHOP

interventricular septal defect (VSD)
RVH
Overriding aorta
pulmnoic stenosis

84
Q

fall in systolic BP of > 10 mmHg with inspiration indicates?

A

pulsus paradoxus

85
Q

what causes a short systolic murmur at the cardiac apex that decreases with squatting and is sometimes associated with benign CP that lasts only a few seconds?

A

MVP

86
Q

which etiology of restrictive cardiomyopathy is pathology reversible with phlebotomy?

A

hemochromatosis

87
Q

vasodilating effects of NTG

A

venous dilation

88
Q

vasodilating effects of DHP CCB

A

dilates veins and arteries

89
Q

vasodilating effects of hydralazine

A

dilates arteries

90
Q

vasodilating effects of nitroprusside

A

dilates veins and arteries

91
Q

antihypertensive contraindicated in patients with COPD

A

non selective beta blockers

92
Q

antihypertensive contraindicated in patients with bilateral renal artery stenosis

A

ACEI/ARBs

93
Q

antihypertensive contraindicated in patients with pregnancy

A

ACEI/ARBs

94
Q

antihypertensive contraindicated in patients with advanced renal failure

A

ACEI/ARBs

95
Q

antihypertensive contraindicated in patients with gout

A

thiazide and loop diuretic

96
Q

most common cause of hypertension in young women

A

OCPs

97
Q

heart defect associated with chromosome 22q11 deletion

A

tetralogy of fallot, truncus arteriosus

98
Q

heart defect associated with trisomy 21

A

endocardial cushion, tet, PDA

99
Q

heart defect associated with congenital rubella

A

PDA, pul, artery stenosis

100
Q

heart defect associated with turner syndrome

A

coarctation of the aorta

101
Q

heart defect associated with marfan syndrome

A

aortic regurg

102
Q

medical management of peripheral artery disease

A

smoking cessation, exercise, glucose control, diet, BP control, cilostazol

103
Q

antihypertensive class used for patient with DM

A

ACEI/ARB

104
Q

antihypertensive class used for patient with heart failure

A

beta blockers, ACEI/ARB, aldo antagonist

105
Q

antihypertensive class used for patient with BPH

A

alpha blocker

106
Q

antihypertensive class used for patient with LVH

A

ACEI/ARB

107
Q

antihypertensive class used for patient with hyperthyroidism

A

beta blocker

108
Q

antihypertensive class used for patient with osteoporosis

A

thiazide

109
Q

antihypertensive class used for patient with essential tremor

A

beta blocker

110
Q

antihypertensive class used for patient with migraines

A

CCB or beta blocker

111
Q

smoker has rapid onset JVD, facial swelling, and AMS. What is the dx and treatment?

A

superior vena cava syndrome

tx: steroids, endovascular stent, emergency radiation therapy

112
Q

antihypertensive with side effect first dose orthostatic hypotension

A

alpha blocker

113
Q

antihypertensive with side effect hypertrichosis

A

minoxidil

114
Q

antihypertensive with side effect dry mouth, sedation, severe rebound HTN

A

clonidine

115
Q

antihypertensive with side effect bradycardia, impotence, asthma exacerbation

A

beta blocker

116
Q

antihypertensive with side effect reflex tachy

A

vasodilators

117
Q

antihypertensive with side effect cough

A

ACEI

118
Q

antihypertensive with side effect avoid in patients with sulfa allergy

A

loop diuretics

119
Q

antihypertensive with side effect angioedema

A

ACEI

120
Q

antihypertensive with side effect development of drug induced lupus

A

hydralazine

121
Q

antihypertensive with side effect cyanide toxicity

A

sodium nitroprusside

122
Q

classic findings of HSP?

A

palpable purpura on lower extremities
GI sx
Renal dx
transient arthritis/arthralgia

123
Q

Most likely cause of aortic stenosis in a 50 year old patient?

A

congenital bicuspid aortic valve

124
Q

Type of heart murmur that diastolic murmur heard best in left lower sternum that increases with inspiration

A

tricuspid stenosis

125
Q

Type of heart murmur that late diastolic murmur with an opening snap (no change with inspiration)

A

mitral stenosis

126
Q

Type of heart murmur that systolic murmur heard best in the second right interspace

A

aortic stenosis

127
Q

Type of heart murmur that systolic murmur heard best in second left interspace

A

pulmonic stenosis

128
Q

Type of heart murmur that late systolic murmur heard best at the apex

A

mitral valve prolapse

129
Q

Type of heart murmur that diastolic murmur with a widened pulse pressure

A

aortic regurg

130
Q

Type of heart murmur that holosystolic murmur that is louder with inspiration at the left lower sternum

A

tricuspid regurg

131
Q

Type of heart murmur that holosystolic murmur heard at the apex and radiates to the axilla

A

mitral regurg

132
Q

JONES criteria for rheumatic fever?

A

JONES

joints
endocarditis
nodules
erythema marginatum
sydenham chorea
133
Q

IV drug user has JVD and a holosystolic murmur at the left sternal border. What is the diagnosis? What is the treatment?

A

tricuspid regurg

vanc, heart failure tx, replace valve

step 2 ck (16 decks)

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