Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

Driving advice in TIA?

A

1 month off driving, don’t need to tell DVLA

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2
Q

Driving advice new seizure?

A

6 months off driving, tell the DVLA

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3
Q

3rd nerve palsy + contralateral weakness?

A

Brainstem stroke = Weber syndrome

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4
Q

Which lobe is affected in receptive dysphasia (Wernicke’s)?

A

Temporal lobe

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5
Q

Which lobe is affected in expressive dysphasia (Broca’s)?

A

Frontal lobe

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6
Q

If there is no receptive or expressive dysphasia, but there is poor repetition, what is affected?

A

The conduction pathway between temporal and frontal lobe (ARCUATE NUCLEUS)

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7
Q

What to do if someone with Motor Neurone Disease is unable to feed?

A

PEG tube

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8
Q

What are the characteristics of trigeminal neuralgia?

A

Paroxysmal attacks of sharp facial pain along Nerve V distribution, triggered by touch

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9
Q

How do you manage raised BP >200 in acute ischaemic stroke

A

labetolol

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10
Q

What are the management options for acute ischaemic stroke?

A

Thrombolysis within 4.5 hours

Thrombectomy within 6

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11
Q

Cabergoline used in PD. What is a side effect of cabergoline?

A

Pulmonary fibrosis

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12
Q

Which arteries are affected in a posterior circulation stroke?

A

Vertebrobasillar arteries

NB// there is a single basillar and two vertebral

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13
Q

What are the symptoms of Wallenberg’s/Lateral medullar syndrome? Which artery is affected?

A

DANNN

Dysphagia, ataxia, ipsilateral nystagmus, numbness, nerve palsy

poster inferior cerebellar artery

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14
Q

What are symptoms of Weber’s?

A

Brainstem stroke

Ipsilateral 3rd nerve palsy plus hemiparesis

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15
Q

Laughing episode triggering loss of muscle tone?

And which further condition is it associated with?

A

= Cataplexia

Associated with narcolepsy

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16
Q

causes of peripheral neuropathy?

A

B12/folate
diabetes
alcohol
uraemia

GBS

17
Q

side effect of taking too much vit b6 (pyridoxine)?

A

Peripheral neuropathy

18
Q

What is the most common cause of B12 deficiency? (+ what are other causes)

A

Most common = pernicious anaemia

Others:
gastrectomy
Crohn’s (affects ileum, where most of it is absorbed)

19
Q

What are the neurological sequelae of B12 deficiency?

A

SCAD - dorsal column (proprioception, vibration)

Peripheral neuropathy

20
Q

What are the diagnostic criteria for migraine?

A

5 attacks which fulfil the following criteria

1)lasting 4-72 hours
2) features of unilateral, throbbing, brought on by physical activity
3)nausea + vomiting or photophobia + phonophobia

21
Q

What is Hoffman’s sign and which condition does it indicate?

A

Flick down on nail on middle finger, causes involuntary flexion of distal thumb and index finger

Indicates an UMN - seen in DCM

22
Q

What can exacerbate myasthenia gravis?

A

Certain medication such as beta blockers and antibiotics

(Note gentamicin can precipitate life-threatening myasthenia crisis and so should never be given in myasthenia gravis)

23
Q

What is the medical management of Status Epilepticus?

A

IV lorazepam 4mg
After 10mins, another IV lorazepam 4mg

If no improvement, try second line anti-epilepetic

If after 45mins, no response, will need to be induced under GA

24
Q

Which bacteria responsible in meningitis and which Abx?

A

NHS - IV cefotaxime

But if <3 months or >65, susceptible also to Listeria - cover with IV Amxocillin as well

25
Q

What should be given alongside Abx in bacterial meningitis? In which type of bacteria, is this most important?

A

IV Dexamethasone to reduce inflammation sequelae

Most important in pneumococcal (i.e. streptococcus pneumoniae)

26
Q

If Myasthenia Gravis is suspected, what imaging must be done?

A

CT CHEST TO EXCLUDE THYMOMA