Neurology Flashcards
first line mild/mod Alzhemier’s
AChE inhibitors eg Rivastigmine or Donezepil (memantine second line)
difference between essential and PD tremors
essential more in motion and PD more at rest
cushings triad
increased ICP: braducardia, irregular resps and widened pulse pressure (also weakness, lethargy, headaches, vomiting, blurred vision and changes in behaviour)
patchy reduced attentuation in brain
vascular dementia (short term memory loss, counting money issues and word finding difficulties)
fever, headache and focal neuro deficit
brain abscess
temporal lobe changes bilaterally
herpes simplex encephalitis
difference between PD dementia and lewy body
PD is after PD diagnosis for 1y and LB is dementia then motor symptoms
hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic instability and altered mental state
neuroleptic malignant syndrome
migraine young woman prophylaxis
propranolol
isolated raised protein on LP
GBS
anterior stroke
lower>upper loss
middle stroke
upper>lower loss
IIH management
acetazolamide
prevent vasospasm of aneurysm in SAH
nimodipine
diffuse axonal injury imaging
MRI
hypoglossal nerve injury
tongue deviates towards the lesion
what do you prescribe with methotrexate
folic acid
first line for trigeminal neuraglia
carbamazepine
scary headache symptom
abrupt onset
ankle reflex
S1-2
knee reflex
L3-4
biceps reflex
C5-6
spinal level hip adduction affected
L3
spinal level knee extension affected
L4
ankle dorsiflexion affected spinal level
L5
feet plantar flexion affected spinal level
S1
dermatomes
if SAH and CT nothing what do you do next?
LP 12 hours after symptom onset
peak incidences of meningitis bugs
0-3m: GBS
Children: S. pneumoniae
Teens/young adults: N. meningiditis
Older adults: S. pneumoniae
bacterial men CSF
high pressure
low glucose
cloudy
high protein
polymorphs
viral CSF
clear/cloudy
60-80% of plasma glucose
normal/raised protein
lymphocytes
raised ICP and third nerve palsy
transtentorial or uncal herniation
sodium valproate and warfarin
sodium valproate is enzyme INhibitor so it INcreases warfarin levels
reverse dystonia from haloperidol
procyclidine
lateral medullary syndrome features PICA lesion
ipsilateral dysphagia, facial numbness and Horner’s
contralateral limb sensory loss
prophylaxis of meningococcal meningitis for contacts
oral ciprofloxacin
community emergency meningitis management
IM or IV benzylpenicillin stat
hospital management of meningitis
under 3m is Cefotaxime plus amox (for listeria cover)
above 3m is Ceftriaxone
add dexamethasone if bacterial
HLA-DR2
MS marker
carbamazepine side effect
siADH
urinary incontinence + gait abnormality + dementia
normal pressure hydrocephalus
MG association
thymoma
acute cluster headache
high flow oxygen and subcut sumatriptan
cluster headache prophylaxis
verapamil
confusion, visual hallucinations, tachycardia and pyrexia with heavy alcohol use
delirium tremens
papilloedema and 6th nerve palsy
idiopathic intracranial hypertension signs
inflammatory myopathy with poor steroid response
inclusion body myositis
weakness, frontal balding, cataracts and ptosis
myotonic dystrophy
