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Fail forward > Neurology > Flashcards

Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

first line mild/mod Alzhemier’s

A

AChE inhibitors eg Rivastigmine or Donezepil (memantine second line)

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2
Q

difference between essential and PD tremors

A

essential more in motion and PD more at rest

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3
Q

cushings triad

A

increased ICP: braducardia, irregular resps and widened pulse pressure (also weakness, lethargy, headaches, vomiting, blurred vision and changes in behaviour)

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4
Q

patchy reduced attentuation in brain

A

vascular dementia (short term memory loss, counting money issues and word finding difficulties)

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5
Q

fever, headache and focal neuro deficit

A

brain abscess

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6
Q

temporal lobe changes bilaterally

A

herpes simplex encephalitis

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7
Q

difference between PD dementia and lewy body

A

PD is after PD diagnosis for 1y and LB is dementia then motor symptoms

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8
Q

hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic instability and altered mental state

A

neuroleptic malignant syndrome

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9
Q

migraine young woman prophylaxis

A

propranolol

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10
Q

isolated raised protein on LP

A

GBS

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11
Q

anterior stroke

A

lower>upper loss

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12
Q

middle stroke

A

upper>lower loss

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13
Q

IIH management

A

acetazolamide

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14
Q

prevent vasospasm of aneurysm in SAH

A

nimodipine

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15
Q

diffuse axonal injury imaging

A

MRI

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16
Q

hypoglossal nerve injury

A

tongue deviates towards the lesion

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17
Q

what do you prescribe with methotrexate

A

folic acid

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18
Q

first line for trigeminal neuraglia

A

carbamazepine

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19
Q

scary headache symptom

A

abrupt onset

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20
Q

ankle reflex

A

S1-2

21
Q

knee reflex

A

L3-4

22
Q

biceps reflex

A

C5-6

23
Q

spinal level hip adduction affected

A

L3

24
Q

spinal level knee extension affected

A

L4

25
Q

ankle dorsiflexion affected spinal level

A

L5

26
Q

feet plantar flexion affected spinal level

A

S1

27
Q

dermatomes

A
28
Q

if SAH and CT nothing what do you do next?

A

LP 12 hours after symptom onset

29
Q

peak incidences of meningitis bugs

A

0-3m: GBS
Children: S. pneumoniae
Teens/young adults: N. meningiditis
Older adults: S. pneumoniae

30
Q

bacterial men CSF

A

high pressure
low glucose
cloudy
high protein
polymorphs

31
Q

viral CSF

A

clear/cloudy
60-80% of plasma glucose
normal/raised protein
lymphocytes

32
Q

raised ICP and third nerve palsy

A

transtentorial or uncal herniation

33
Q

sodium valproate and warfarin

A

sodium valproate is enzyme INhibitor so it INcreases warfarin levels

34
Q

reverse dystonia from haloperidol

A

procyclidine

35
Q

lateral medullary syndrome features PICA lesion

A

ipsilateral dysphagia, facial numbness and Horner’s
contralateral limb sensory loss

36
Q

prophylaxis of meningococcal meningitis for contacts

A

oral ciprofloxacin

37
Q

community emergency meningitis management

A

IM or IV benzylpenicillin stat

38
Q

hospital management of meningitis

A

under 3m is Cefotaxime plus amox (for listeria cover)
above 3m is Ceftriaxone
add dexamethasone if bacterial

39
Q

HLA-DR2

A

MS marker

40
Q

carbamazepine side effect

A

siADH

41
Q

urinary incontinence + gait abnormality + dementia

A

normal pressure hydrocephalus

42
Q

MG association

A

thymoma

43
Q

acute cluster headache

A

high flow oxygen and subcut sumatriptan

44
Q

cluster headache prophylaxis

A

verapamil

45
Q

confusion, visual hallucinations, tachycardia and pyrexia with heavy alcohol use

A

delirium tremens

46
Q

papilloedema and 6th nerve palsy

A

idiopathic intracranial hypertension signs

47
Q

inflammatory myopathy with poor steroid response

A

inclusion body myositis

48
Q

weakness, frontal balding, cataracts and ptosis

A

myotonic dystrophy

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