Endocrine Flashcards
modifiable RF in thyroid eye disease in Graves
smoking
thiazide electrolyte
hypercalcaemia
pheo test
24h collection urinary metanephrines
cushings test
resposne to high dose dex not low dose
prolactin high but hypogonadism and hypothyroidism
think stalk compression by non-functioning pituitary adenoma
DKA treated with insulin what can happen
hypokalaemia
what to give in initially if bad graves symptoms
propranolol for symptom relief
serum osmolality equation
2 x serum sodium + serum glucose + serum urea
low testosterone possible cause
pituitary adenoma eg prolactinoma caused low sex hormones
post-mi complication causing acute hypotension and pulmonary oedema with systolic murmur
papillary muscle rupture which causes acute mitral regurgitation
anterior pituitary hormone
flat pig
FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, prolactin, intermediate MSH and GH
posterior pit hormones
ADH and oxytocin
sick day rules
sadman
SGLT2i, ACEi, diuretics, metformin, ARBs and NSAIDs
myxoedemic coma treatment
thyroxine and hydrocortisone
thyrotoxic storm treatment
beta blockers, propylthiouracil and hydrocortisone
when to add second diabetes drug
HbA1c >58
metformin not tolerated due to side effects
1) try modified release
2) switch to second line therapy
primary hyperparathyroidism
high PTH
high Ca
low phosphate
solitary adenoma or multifocal disease
secondary hyperparathyroidism
high PTH
low or normal Ca
high phosphate
low vit D
low calcium causes parathyroid hyperplasia
tertiary hyperparathyroidism
high or normal Ca
high PTH
low phosphate
high ALP
hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands after correction of underlying renal disorder
osteomalacia bloods and symptoms
bone pain, tenderness and proximal myopathy
low ca, low phosphate and low vit D with high ALP and PTH
management of primary hyperaldosteronism caused by bilateral adrenocortical hyperplasia
spironolactone
causes and symptoms of primary hyperaldosteronism
hypertension and hypokalaemia
bilateral adrenal hyperplasia
adrenal adenoma
C peptide in T1DM
low
Cushing’s syndrome biochemical abnormality
hypokalaemic metabolic alkalosis
when is metformin contraindicated
eGFR <30 then metformin contraindicated so give another agent eg gliptin
what drug is linked to nec fash of the genitalia
SGLT2i
what do you need to do if patient presenting with polyuria and polydipsia and you think maybe DI
remember to do calcium levels before water deprivation to make sure there isn’t hyperparathyroidism
