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First Aid > Neurology > Flashcards

Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

notochord becomes

A

nucleus pulposus

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2
Q

ventral plate induced by ___

A

SHH

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3
Q

dorsal plate induced by ___

A

BMPs

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4
Q

telencephalon

A

cerebral hemispheres
basal ganglia
lateral ventricles

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5
Q

diencephalon

A

thalamus
hypothalamus
third ventricle
retina

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6
Q

mesencephalon

A

midbrain

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7
Q

metencephalon

A

pons
cerebellum

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8
Q

myencephalon

A

medulla

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9
Q

___ can be used as a marker to confirm NT defects

A

AchE

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10
Q

failure of rostral neuropore to close

A

anencephaly

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11
Q

holoprosencephaly associated with ___ mutations

A

SHH

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12
Q

chiari I associated with ___

A

syringomyelia

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13
Q

chiari II associated with ___

A

myelomeningocele

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14
Q

chiari I vs II

A

II includes medulla herniation

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15
Q

syringomyelia location

A

anterior white commissure

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16
Q

CNS cells that release NO and inflammatory mediators

A

microglia

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17
Q

CNS cells that serve as glycogen fuel reserve

A

astrocytes

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18
Q

___ release causes the pineal gland to release melatonin

A

NE

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19
Q

waves of REM sleep

A

beta

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20
Q

N3 sleep

A

sleep walking
night terrors

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21
Q

delta waves are seen in ___ sleep

A

N3

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22
Q

lateral hypo injury

A

lean

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23
Q

VM hypo injury

A

fat

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24
Q

anterior hypo injury

A

cooling

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25
Q

posterior hypo injury

A

hot

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26
Q

what hypo nucleus is involved in kallman syndrome

A

preoptic nucleus

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27
Q

preoptic nucleus controls ___ and ___

A

thermoregulation
sexuality

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28
Q

VPL nucleus of thalamus receives input from ___ and ___ ___

A

spinothalamic
dorsal columns

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29
Q

VPM nucleus of thalamus gets ___ and ___ input

A

trigeminal
gustation

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30
Q

lateral geniculate nucleus of thalamus involves ___

A

vision

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31
Q

medial geniculate nucleus of thalamus involves ___

A

hearing

32
Q

VA and VL of thalamus involves ___ input

A

motor

33
Q

mesolimbic pathway causes ___ symptoms

A

positive

34
Q

mesocortical pathway causes ___ symptoms

A

negative

35
Q

superior colliculi function

A

direct eyes

36
Q

inferior colliculi function

A

auditory

37
Q

basilar artery stroke can cause what?

A

locked-in syndrome

38
Q

lateral pontine syndrome causes by ___ stroke

A

AICA

39
Q

lateral medullary syndrome caused by ___ stroke

A

PICA

40
Q

medial medullary syndrome caused by ___ stroke

A

ASA

41
Q

conduction aphasia due to damage to the ___ ___

A

arcuate fasciculus

42
Q

headache with autonomic symptoms and/or horner syndrome

A

cluster

43
Q

intention tremor notes ___ damage

A

cerebellar

44
Q

periventricular plaques/hyperintensities

A

MS

45
Q

wet, wacky, and wobbly

A

normal pressure hydrocephalus

46
Q

charcot-marie-tooth disease

A

foot drop
motor and sensory neuropathy

47
Q

ipsilateral leptomeningeal calcifications

A

sturge-weber

48
Q

hemangioblastomas can produce ___

A

EPO

49
Q

ALS due to ___ ___ defect

A

superoxide dismutase

50
Q

floppy baby with marked hypotonia due to ___ defect

A

snRNP

51
Q

ASA occlusion results in what at and below the lesion?

A

LMN and loss of pain and temperature
UMN below the lesion

52
Q

B12 deficiency deficits

A

all posterior lost + lateral corticospinal

53
Q

hemisection of spinal cord deficits

A

LMN at level of lesion
UMN below level of lesion

all ipsilateral except pain and temperature

54
Q

FA due to defect in ___ function

A

mitochondrial (iron binding)

55
Q

CN X lesions point ___

A

away

56
Q

correct farsightedness with ___ lens

A

convex

57
Q

correct nearsightedness with ___ lens

A

concave

58
Q

drusen spots

A

A-R MD

59
Q

retinal hemorrhages, cotton wool spots

A

diabetic retinopathy

60
Q

macular star

A

HTN retinopathy

61
Q

blood and thunder appearance of eye

A

retinal Vv occlusion

62
Q

cerebreform appearance of eye

A

retinal detachment

63
Q

bone spicule deposits of eye

A

retinitis pigmentosa
(associated with abetalipoproteinemia)

64
Q

____ ___ nerves cause miosis

A

short ciliary

65
Q

___ ___ nerves cause mydriasis

A

long ciliary

66
Q

ptosis involves ___ ___ muscle

A

superior tarsal

67
Q

neonatal seizure control

A

phenobarbital

68
Q

vigabatrin

A

irreversible GABA transaminase inhibitor

69
Q

SV2A receptor blocker

A

levetiracetam

70
Q

GABA reuptake inhibitor

A

tiagabine

71
Q

benzos for liver disease (LOT)

A

lorazepam
oxazepam
temazepam

72
Q

short-acting benzos

A

ATOM

73
Q

memantine

A

NMDA antagonist

74
Q

riluzole

A

decrease glutamate excitotoxicity

75
Q

tetrabenazine

A

inhibit VMAT

76
Q

low solubility = ____ induction, ___ potency

A

fast
low

77
Q

prevent opioid relapse with ___

A

naltrexone

First Aid (15 decks)

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