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NREMT Review > Neurology > Flashcards

Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

dendrite function

A

receive chemical messages from other neurons

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2
Q

axon function

A

sends messages

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3
Q

synapse

A

small gap that seperates neurons

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4
Q

spine anatomy

A

c-7
t-12
l-5
s-5
c-4
=33

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5
Q

Layers of meninges

A

pia matter-innermost
arachnoid- middle layer
dura- outermost (durable)

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6
Q

cranial nerve mneumonic

A

ooo
to touch and feel
virgin girls vagina
ah heaven

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7
Q

cranial nerves 1

A

olfactory
smell

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8
Q

cranial nerve II

A

optic
vision

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9
Q

cranial nerve III

A

oculomotor
eye movement and pupilary response

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10
Q

cranial nerve IV (4)

A

trochlear
downa and inward eye movement

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11
Q

CN V (5)

A

trigeminal
jaw movment

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12
Q

CN VI (6)

A

abducens
facial movement

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13
Q

CN VII (7)

A

facial
facial movement

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14
Q

CN VIII (8)

A

vestibulochlear
hearing and equilibrium

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15
Q

CN IX (9)

A

glossopharyngeal
swallowing
phonation

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16
Q

CN X(10)

A

vagus
Parasympathetic nervous system

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17
Q

CN XI (11)

A

accessory
shoulder shrug

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18
Q

CN XII (12)

A

hypoglossal
tongue

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19
Q

reticular activating system

A

responsible for maintaining consciousness and ability to respond to stimuli

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20
Q

how much blood/glucose does brain use

A

20% blood
25% glucose

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21
Q

diencephalon (interbrain) function

A

involuntary actions
(temp, sleep, water balance, stress, emotions)

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22
Q

mesencephalon (midbrain)

A

pons, medulla oblangota
(rr, bp, hr)

23
Q

babinski reflex

A

dorsiflexion of great toe and fanning of others. indicates dysfunction of CNS

24
Q

about ischemic stroke

A

gradual onset

80% of all strokes
cerebral artery blocked by clot causing brain muscle infarction

with all strokes withold o2 unless presentation or spo2 warrents it

25
Q

about hemorrhagic stroke

A

rapid onset of sudden severe headache
20% of strokes
bleed in outer layer of brain

26
Q

about TIA

A

temporary interference with blood supply to brain
lasts minutes to hours. symptoms resolve in 24 hours

27
Q

generalized seizure about

A

electrical discharge in small area of brain spreads to cerebral cortex causing widespread malfunction

28
Q

petit-mal seizure

A

brief generalized seizure
10-30 seconds loss of consciousness
eye or muscle fluttering
occasional loss of muscle tone

29
Q

partial seizure

A

confined to a limited portion of brain
may spread and become generalized

30
Q

simple seizure

A

focal motor sensory seizure
chaotic movement or dysfunction of one area of body
no loss of consciousness

31
Q

complex seizure

A

temporal lobe or psychomotor seizure

32
Q

status epilepticus

A

two or more generalized seizures without a return to consciousness

33
Q

seizure management

A

move objects
o2
access
benzo

34
Q

syncope definiton and causes

A

sudden, temporary loss of consciousness caused by insufficinet blood flow to brain

causes
cardio conditions
hypovolemia
idiopathic

35
Q

bells palsy

A

unilateral weakness of facial muscles
occurs due to dysfunction of 7th cranial nerve
can also be caused by herpes simplex

36
Q

trigeminal neuralgia

A

also called tic doloreux
painful, affects 5th cranial nerve (trigeminal)
electric shock type spasms and pain
antiseizure meds can be used

37
Q

alzheimers causes

A

results from death and disapearance of nerve cells in cerebral cortex
atrophy of brain

38
Q

picks disease

A

permanent form of dementia similar to alzheimers disease.
tends to only affect one side of brain

39
Q

huntingtons disease

A

genetic defect in chromosome 4.
adult onset and early onset

40
Q

creutzfeld-jakob disease

A

form of brain damage. characterized by rapid decrease in mental function and movement. comes from prion

41
Q

muscular dystrophy

A

genetic disease
progressive weakness of skeletal and voluntary muscles

42
Q

multiple sclerosis

A

unpredictable disease of CNS
inflammation of nerve cells
demyelination or destruction of myelin sheath (protective coating of nerve body)
nerves unable to conduct impulses properly

43
Q

duchenne dystophy

A

most common childhood muscular dystrophy
onset by age 6
symmetrical weakness

44
Q

guillan barre syndrome

A

bodys immune system attacks peripheral nerves
leads to inflammation and weakness

45
Q

parkinsons disease

A

degenerative changes in basal ganglia due to dopamine deficiency
rhythmical muscular tremors
rigidity of movment
droopy posture
usually occurs after 40
leading cause of neuro disability after 60

46
Q

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

A

lou gherigs disease
progressive motro neuron disease affecting motor tracts of lateral columns of spinal cord
progressive muscular atrophy, increased reflexes, spastic irritability of muscles

47
Q

spina bifida

A

neural tube defect
failure of one or more fetal vertabrae to close in utero

48
Q

polio

A

infectious inflammation of CNS
results in permanent paralyis

49
Q

subdural bleed

A

collection of blood between dura and arachnoid matter
venous blood
more common than epidural bleed
slow onset of symptoms :
N/v, headache, decreaseing loc, coma, posturing

50
Q

subarachnoid bleed

A

intracranial bleeding into CSF
sudden and severe headache “worst headache of my life”
ss:
dizziness, neck stiffness, unequal pupils, vomitng, seizures, decreasing loc

51
Q

epidural bleed

A

collection of blood between cranium and dura in epidural space
arterial bleed (middle meningeal artery)
loss of consciousness followed by lucid interval followed by decreaseing loc
ss: headache
decreasing loc
increased ICP cushing triad

52
Q

cusing triad

A

bradycardia, irregular rr, increase in sbp

53
Q

treat increased icp

A

spo2 above 94
maintian etco2 30-35 mmhg

NREMT Review (12 decks)

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