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NREMT Review > Neurology > Flashcards

Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

dendrite function

A

receive chemical messages from other neurons

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2
Q

axon function

A

sends messages

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3
Q

synapse

A

small gap that seperates neurons

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4
Q

spine anatomy

A

c-7
t-12
l-5
s-5
c-4
=33

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5
Q

Layers of meninges

A

pia matter-innermost
arachnoid- middle layer
dura- outermost (durable)

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6
Q

cranial nerve mneumonic

A

ooo
to touch and feel
virgin girls vagina
ah heaven

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7
Q

cranial nerves 1

A

olfactory
smell

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8
Q

cranial nerve II

A

optic
vision

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9
Q

cranial nerve III

A

oculomotor
eye movement and pupilary response

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10
Q

cranial nerve IV (4)

A

trochlear
downa and inward eye movement

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11
Q

CN V (5)

A

trigeminal
jaw movment

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12
Q

CN VI (6)

A

abducens
facial movement

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13
Q

CN VII (7)

A

facial
facial movement

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14
Q

CN VIII (8)

A

vestibulochlear
hearing and equilibrium

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15
Q

CN IX (9)

A

glossopharyngeal
swallowing
phonation

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16
Q

CN X(10)

A

vagus
Parasympathetic nervous system

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17
Q

CN XI (11)

A

accessory
shoulder shrug

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18
Q

CN XII (12)

A

hypoglossal
tongue

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19
Q

reticular activating system

A

responsible for maintaining consciousness and ability to respond to stimuli

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20
Q

how much blood/glucose does brain use

A

20% blood
25% glucose

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21
Q

diencephalon (interbrain) function

A

involuntary actions
(temp, sleep, water balance, stress, emotions)

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22
Q

mesencephalon (midbrain)

A

pons, medulla oblangota
(rr, bp, hr)

23
Q

babinski reflex

A

dorsiflexion of great toe and fanning of others. indicates dysfunction of CNS

24
Q

about ischemic stroke

A

gradual onset

80% of all strokes
cerebral artery blocked by clot causing brain muscle infarction

with all strokes withold o2 unless presentation or spo2 warrents it

25
about hemorrhagic stroke
rapid onset of sudden severe headache 20% of strokes bleed in outer layer of brain
26
about TIA
temporary interference with blood supply to brain lasts minutes to hours. symptoms resolve in 24 hours
27
generalized seizure about
electrical discharge in small area of brain spreads to cerebral cortex causing widespread malfunction
28
petit-mal seizure
brief generalized seizure 10-30 seconds loss of consciousness eye or muscle fluttering occasional loss of muscle tone
29
partial seizure
confined to a limited portion of brain may spread and become generalized
30
simple seizure
focal motor sensory seizure chaotic movement or dysfunction of one area of body no loss of consciousness
31
complex seizure
temporal lobe or psychomotor seizure
32
status epilepticus
two or more generalized seizures without a return to consciousness
33
seizure management
move objects o2 access benzo
34
syncope definiton and causes
sudden, temporary loss of consciousness caused by insufficinet blood flow to brain causes cardio conditions hypovolemia idiopathic
35
bells palsy
unilateral weakness of facial muscles occurs due to dysfunction of 7th cranial nerve can also be caused by herpes simplex
36
trigeminal neuralgia
also called tic doloreux painful, affects 5th cranial nerve (trigeminal) electric shock type spasms and pain antiseizure meds can be used
37
alzheimers causes
results from death and disapearance of nerve cells in cerebral cortex atrophy of brain
38
picks disease
permanent form of dementia similar to alzheimers disease. tends to only affect one side of brain
39
huntingtons disease
genetic defect in chromosome 4. adult onset and early onset
40
creutzfeld-jakob disease
form of brain damage. characterized by rapid decrease in mental function and movement. comes from prion
41
muscular dystrophy
genetic disease progressive weakness of skeletal and voluntary muscles
42
multiple sclerosis
unpredictable disease of CNS inflammation of nerve cells demyelination or destruction of myelin sheath (protective coating of nerve body) nerves unable to conduct impulses properly
43
duchenne dystophy
most common childhood muscular dystrophy onset by age 6 symmetrical weakness
44
guillan barre syndrome
bodys immune system attacks peripheral nerves leads to inflammation and weakness
45
parkinsons disease
degenerative changes in basal ganglia due to dopamine deficiency rhythmical muscular tremors rigidity of movment droopy posture usually occurs after 40 leading cause of neuro disability after 60
46
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
lou gherigs disease progressive motro neuron disease affecting motor tracts of lateral columns of spinal cord progressive muscular atrophy, increased reflexes, spastic irritability of muscles
47
spina bifida
neural tube defect failure of one or more fetal vertabrae to close in utero
48
polio
infectious inflammation of CNS results in permanent paralyis
49
subdural bleed
collection of blood between dura and arachnoid matter venous blood more common than epidural bleed slow onset of symptoms : N/v, headache, decreaseing loc, coma, posturing
50
subarachnoid bleed
intracranial bleeding into CSF sudden and severe headache "worst headache of my life" ss: dizziness, neck stiffness, unequal pupils, vomitng, seizures, decreasing loc
51
epidural bleed
collection of blood between cranium and dura in epidural space arterial bleed (middle meningeal artery) loss of consciousness followed by lucid interval followed by decreaseing loc ss: headache decreasing loc increased ICP cushing triad
52
cusing triad
bradycardia, irregular rr, increase in sbp
53
treat increased icp
spo2 above 94 maintian etco2 30-35 mmhg

NREMT Review (12 decks)

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