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NREMT Review > General medical > Flashcards

General medical Flashcards

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1
Q

endocrine glands
duct?
where are effects?

A

ductless
secrete hormones into circulation resulting in widespread effects

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2
Q

exocrine glands
duct?
where are effects

A

release chemicals through duct and have localized effects

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3
Q

Hypothalamus location

A

deep in cerebrum of brain

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4
Q

Pituitary gland nickname

A

master gland

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5
Q

anterior pituitary gland hormones

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone
thyroid stiimulating hormone
follicle stimulating hormone
luteinizing hormone
prolactin

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6
Q

posterior pit gland hormones

A

antidiuretic hormone
oxytocin

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7
Q

diabetes insipidus features

A

large output of urine
inadequate adh secretion

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8
Q

thyroid shape and location

A

butterfly shape in neck anterior to inferior larynx

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9
Q

parathyroid location

A

four small glands located on posterior lateral surface of thyroid

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10
Q

thyroxine t4

A

stimulates cell metabolism
made in thyroid

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11
Q

triidothyronine t3

A

stimulates cell metabolism
made in thyroid

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12
Q

calcitonin

A

lowers blood calcium level
made in thyroid

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13
Q

parathyroid hormone

A

increases blood calcium level
antagonist to calcitonin
made in parathyroid

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14
Q

thymus location and fucntion

A

located in mediastinum just below sternum
secretes thymosin

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15
Q

pancreas location
tissue types

A

LUQ
has both endocrine and exocrine tissues

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16
Q

islets of langerhans function
cell type and function

A

alpha- glucagon
beta insulin
delta somatostatin

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17
Q

pineal gland location and function

A

located in thalamus in brain
releases melatonin

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18
Q

DKA

A

no insulin, fast onset
bgl around 500

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19
Q

hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome

A

cells resistant to insulin
slow onset
severe dehydration
bgl can be 1000

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20
Q

thyrotoxicosis (thyroid storm)
ss

A

severe tachycardia
associated with graves disease (goiter)
hf
dysrhythmia
shock
hyperthermia
agitation
delierium

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21
Q

graves disease

A

excessive thyroid activity characterized by goiter and protruding eyes

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22
Q

hypothyroidism

A

low levels of hormones produced
cold intolerant

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23
Q

hyperthyroidism

A

excessive levels of thyroid hormones produced, heat intolerant

24
Q

myxedema

A

form of hypothyroid
thickining of skin on nose throat and lips

characterized by hypothermia and decreased loc

25
Q

Cushings syndrome results from what

A

high cortisol and aldosterone level
may be caused by long term adminsitration of corticosteroid drugs

26
Q

cushings syndrome ss

A

moon face
weight gain
muscle atrophy of arms and legs

27
Q

adrenal disorder simple difference

A

low cortisol and aldosterone = addison disease

high cotisol and aldosterone cushing

28
Q

addisons disease ss

A

weakness, weight loss, anorexia
skin hyperpigmentation
hypotnetion
hyperkalemia

29
Q

visceral pain

A

organ pain
cramping gas type pain
difficult to localize

30
Q

somatic pain

A

constant stabbing pain

31
Q

upper and lower gi seperation

A

ligament of treitz

32
Q

causes of upper gi blled

A

peptic ulcer
gastritis
variceal rupture
gastric or duodenal ulcer

33
Q

causes of lower gi bleed

A

diverticulosis
colon lesions
rectal lesion
anal fissures
inflammatory bowel disorder

34
Q

mallory weiss tear

A

laceration of esophagus casued by retching and vomiting associated with bulimia.
tear does not extend through entire esophagus

35
Q

boerhaave syndrom

A

upper gi bleed
rupture of esophagus from prolonged retching and vomiting tear travels entirely through esophageal wall

36
Q

acute gastritis characteristics and symptoms

A

inflammation of stomach and intestines with
SUDDEN vomiting

37
Q

1 cause of upper gi bleed

A

peptic ulcer

38
Q

ulcerative colitis

A

unknown cause, occurs in rectum and large intestine, bloody stool with mucous

39
Q

Chrons disease ss

A

GI bleeding, weight loss, intermittant abd cramping nausea and vomiting, dirrhea

RAPID ONSET

40
Q

1 cause of lower GI bleed

A

Diverticulosis

41
Q

SS diverticulitis

A

lower left sided pain, fever n/v tenderness on palpation

42
Q

mcburneys point

A

1-2 in between anterior iliac crest and umbilicus

43
Q

what is cholecystitis

A

inflammation of gallbladder caused by gallstones
typically occurs after a large meal

44
Q

murphys sign

A

right costal tenderness

45
Q

hep A route

A

fecal oral

46
Q

hep b route

A

BBP

47
Q

hep c route

A

blood transfusions

48
Q

hep E route

A

waterborne

49
Q

Hepatitis ss

A

RUQ pain
jaundice
n/v
photophobia

50
Q

two types of immunity

A

cellular
humoral

51
Q

what is cellular immunity

A

direct attack on a foreign substance by special cells

52
Q

what is humoral immunity

A

chemical attack of a substance antibodies are used to accomplish this IGG

53
Q

what does IgE do

A

allergen attaches to IgE of basophils and mast cells then produces histamines

54
Q

what does histamine do in body

A

causes bronchoconstriction,
increased intestinal motilit, vasodilation, increased vascular permeability

55
Q

anaphylaxis treatment

A

o2 is first line treatment…..
epi every 15-20 min
benadryl, steriods, albuterl

56
Q

neurogenic shock causes

A

loss of vasomotor tone due to unoppsoed parasympathethic response

treat with 20ml/kg bolus

57
Q

what is cystic fibrosis

A

inhereted metabolic disease of lungs sweat glands, digestive and reproductive system
production of thick mucous which leads to chronic lung infections

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