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MSRA > Neurology > Flashcards

Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

Which AED is most associated with weight gain?

A

Sodium valproate

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2
Q

What are the nerve roots of the sciatic nerve?

A

L4-L5, S1-S3

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3
Q

What are the nerve roots of the iliohypogastric nerve?

A

T12-L1

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4
Q

What are the nerve roots of genitofemoral nerve?

A

L1-L2

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5
Q

What are the nerve roots of the femoral nerve?

A

L2-L4

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6
Q

What are the nerve roots of the pudendal nerve?

A

S2-S4

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7
Q

How are the reflexes affected by sciatic nerve damage?

A

Ankle + plantar lost

Knee jerk intact

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8
Q

What causes a loss of the corneal reflex?

A

Acoustic neuroma

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9
Q

What is Lhermitte’s sign?

A

Tingling in the hands which comes on when the neck is flexed - occurs in MS when there is disease near the dorsal column nuclei of the cervical cord. It is also seen in subacute combined degeneration of the cord and in cervical stenosis

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10
Q

What is first-line for PD?

A

If the motor symptoms are affecting the patient’s quality of life = levodopa
If the motor symptoms are not affecting the patient’s quality of life = dopamine agonist (non-ergot derived), levodopa or monoamine oxidase B (MAO‑B) inhibitor

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11
Q

How is essential tremor inherited?

A

Autosomal dominant

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12
Q

What makes essential tremor worse?

A

Extending arms

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13
Q

What is Hoffman’s sign associated with?

A

Upper Motor Neurone Disease - e.g. Degenerative cervical myelopathy and MS

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14
Q

What is titubation?

A

Head tremor - the most common cause of which is essential tremor

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15
Q

What is the first-line for absence seizures?

A

Ethosuximide

Sodium valproate

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16
Q

What is the first-line for focal seizures?

A

Carbamazepine

Lamotrigine

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17
Q

What is the first-line for tonic-clonic seizures?

A

Sodium valproate

Lamotrigine

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18
Q

What are the common sites of lacunar infarcts?

A

Basal ganglia, thalamus and internal capsule

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19
Q

Where are infarcts that cause locked-in syndrome?

A

Basillar artery

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20
Q

What is amaurosis fugax?

A

Amaurosis fugax is a form of stroke that affects the retinal/ophthalmic artery

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21
Q

How do you remember the site of the lesion of homonymous quadrantanopias?

A

PITS (Parietal-Inferior, Temporal-Superior)

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22
Q

Where is Ramsey-Hunt syndrome a reactivation of VZV of?

A

Geniculate ganglion of the V11th cranial nerve

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23
Q

What type of behavioural therapy was developed for use in people with EUPD?

A

Dialectical behavioural therapy

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24
Q

What is the triad of normal pressure hydrocephalus?

A
  1. Gait disturbance
  2. Dementia
  3. Urinary incontinence
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25
Q

What is the Cushing’s reflex?

A

Hypertension + bradycardia + reduced/irregular respiration - can precede brainstem herniation

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26
Q

Is clozapine contraindicate in breastfeeding?

A

Yes

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27
Q

What type of head injury has the highest rate of mortality?

A

Subdural haematoma

28
Q

Driving prohibited for 1 month, no need to tell the DVLA initially - what is the diagnosis?

A

TIA

29
Q

Driving prohibited for 6 months, need to tell the DVLA - what is the diagnosis?

A

Firsts unprovoked seizure with no abnormality on EEG - if these criteria are not met, no driving for 12 months

30
Q

Driving prohibited for 1 month, need to tell the DVLA - what is the diagnosis?

A

First episode of vasovagal syncope with an identifiable and treatable cause - different guidance again if cardiac cause

31
Q

Which repeat sequence on which gene causes Huntington’s Disease?

A

Huntingtin gene, CAG sequence repeats

32
Q

How long after their last drink does DT start in alcoholics?

A

72-96 hours

33
Q

What trinucleotide repeat causes Friedreich’s Ataxia?

A

GAA

34
Q

How long does visual recovery take following treatment of optic neuritis with high dose steroid?

A

4-6 weeks

35
Q

What is hemiballismus?

A

Unilateral, large, ‘flinging’ movements caused by a lesion in the subthalamic nucleus on the contralateral side

36
Q

Which type of dementia is most associated with MND?

A

Frontotemporal

37
Q

What are Paton’s lines?

A

Occur in papilledema - radial lines cascading out from the retina

38
Q

What would you see on fundoscopy in optic neuritis?

A

No changes to the retina with mild optic disc swelling

39
Q

Which blood test tests for Wilson’s disease?

A

Serum ceruloplasmin

40
Q

What are the cholinesterase inhibitors licensed for use in AD

A

Rivastigmine and donepazil

41
Q

Damage to which nerve causes weakness to foot eversion and dorsiflexion?

A

Common peroneal nerve

42
Q

Which genetic condition is associated with bilateral acoustic neuromas?

A

NF2

43
Q

What causes a bitemporal hemianopia, upper quadrant defect?

A

Inferior chiasmal compression - usually a pituitary tumour

44
Q

What causes a bitemporal hemianopia, lower quadrant defect?

A

Superior chiasmal compression - usually a craniopharyngioma

45
Q

Which nerve is affected in ‘Saturday Night Palsy’?

A

Radial nerve

46
Q

Which chromosome is the Huntingin gene found on?

A

Chromosome 4

47
Q

What should be performed if possible within 4.5 hours of a stroke?

A

Thrombolysis (+ thrombectomy if demonstrable on angiogram) for best outcome

48
Q

When should aspirin be given in stroke?

A

ONLY when haemorrhagic stroke has been excluded

49
Q

After baclofen, what drug should be used to treat spasticity in MS?

A

Gabapentin

50
Q

Which type of opioid is most appropriate with neuropathic pain?

A

Tramadol

51
Q

Which AED causes peripheral neuropathy?

A

Phenytoin

52
Q

How quickly should patients with a suspected TIA be seen by a specialist?

A

Within 24 hours (and have 300mg aspirin)

53
Q

What is a common trigger for cluster headaches?

A

Alcohol

54
Q

Which drug used in PD is most associated with pulmonary fibrosis?

A

Cabergoline

55
Q

When should steroids be given in Bell’s Palsy?

A

If the patient presents within 72 hours of symptom onset

56
Q

What is the first-line drug for absence seizures in girls and women of reproductive age?

A

Ethosuximide

57
Q

What drug can slow the progress of MS?

A

Linoleic Acid

58
Q

What should the dual antiplatelet management be in ACS if they are high bleeding risk (e.g. already on an anticoagulant)?

A

Aspirin + clopidogrel

59
Q

What should the dual antiplatelet management be in ACS if they are low bleeding risk?

A

Aspirin + ticagrelor

60
Q

How is subclavian steal syndrome definitively diagnosed?

A

CT angiography

61
Q

What do people with Freidrich’s ataxia most commonly die of?

A

Cardiomyopathy

62
Q

What are the features of myotonic dystrophy?

A
  1. Cataracts
  2. Muscle weakness
  3. Frontal balding
63
Q

In tuberculosis meningitis, which of the usual Abx in the TB cocktail would you swap out?

A

Ethambutol - swap it out for streptomycin

64
Q

What might progressive difficulty whistling or sucking through a straw indicate?

A

Facioscapulohumeral musculodystrophy

65
Q

What is West’s syndrome?

A

Also called infantile spasms
Presents between the ages of 3 and 8 months
Shock like flexions with drawing up of the knees
Associated with birth injury

66
Q

What is Janz syndrome also called?

A

Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy

MSRA (18 decks)

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