Neurological system 2

Question 1

What are cranial nerves?

Answer 1

Exit the brain and some are mixed or some are motor/sensory. Supply head and neck except vagus (heart, lungs, gut). They are lower motor neurons.

Question 2

Name of cranial nerves and which ones are sensory/motor?

Answer 2

oh oh oh to touch and feel all green vegetableS aHH. (olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, acoustic, glossopharyngeal, vagus, spinal accessory, hypoglossal). Some say marry money but my brother says big brains matter more.

Question 3

If pupils are normal what do you use?

Answer 3

PERRLA. Pupils equal round reactive to light and accommodate.

Question 4

What is ptosis and nystagmus?

Answer 4

Ptosis is drooping of eyelids cause by CN 3 (oculomotor). Nystagmus is rapid, uncontrolled, jerky movements of eye.

Question 5

What is proprioception?

Answer 5

How we know where are body is and we can sense whats coming.

Question 6

What is stereognosis and graphesthesia?

Answer 6

S- identify object with eyes closed
G- patient identifies number drawn on hand with eyes closed

Question 7

How many extra ocular muscles are there and which CN control them?

Answer 7

6. Controlled by oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens.

Question 8

What is accommodation?

Answer 8

Pupil constriction when looking at close objects and pupil dilation when looking far away.

Question 9

What way do you pull adults ear and child’s ear when using an otoscope?

Answer 9

A- up and back
C- pull pinna straight down and out

Question 10

What should the tympanic membrane look like?

Answer 10

Translucent, shiny, pearly grey, flat, can sometimes see small ear bones behind it, cone of light (5:00 at R eardrum and 7:00 at left eardrum).

Question 11

How do we hear?

Answer 11

Sound waves enter ear and strike tympanic membrane. Causes stapes to vibrate oval window. Vibrations enter cochlea and converted to electrical impulses. Travel to the brain via CN8.

Question 12

Subjective data for ears?

Answer 12

Earache, infections, discharge, hearing loss, environmental noise, tinnitus (ringing, buzzing), vertigo, and self care behaviours.

Question 13

Subjective data for eyes?

Answer 13

Vision divulge, pain, redness/swell, hx of cross eye (stabismus) or seeing double (diplopia), discharge/watering, hx of ocular problems/surgery, use of glasses/contacts, self care behaviours, meds, coping with vision changes.

Question 14

What does the snellen eye chart mean?

Answer 14

20/20 is normal. numerator is distance you stand away and denominator is distance normal eye could read at.

Question 15

What is the lacrimal apparatus?

Answer 15

Produces and drains tears. Tears are also drained into the nose as well.

Question 16

What is iris, pupil, retina?

Answer 16

Iris- coloured part of eye, contracts and expands to control size of pupils
Pupil- black part of eye, controls amount of light entering the retina
Retina- images are focused onto the retina and the retina will convert images and send to to brain

Question 17

How do we see?

Answer 17

Light rays enter the cornea and they’re bent onto lens. Creates an upside down image on the retina. Cilliary body controls thickens of lens. Then electrical signals are created and travel to brains through optic nerve.

Question 18

What is the macula?

Answer 18

Darker pigmented region surrounding fovea centralis (area of sharpest vision).