Abdomen and NG tubes Flashcards
What is the abdomen and where is its border?
Large oval cavity that starts at diaphragm and extends to top of pelvis. Borders on either side are the lower rib cage. Front is abdominal muscles. Back is vertebral column.
Subjective data of abdomen assessment?
Appetite (any change, diet), dysphagia (trouble swallowing), food intolerance, abdominal pain, nausea/vomit, bowel habits, past abdominal hx, medications, alcohol and tobacco used, and nutritional assessment.
What is linea alba?
Seam that joins abdominal muscles together midline.
What are solid and hollow viscera?
Solid- organs that keep consistent shape like liver, pancreas, spleen, kidney, uterus
Hollow- organs that shape depends on contents like stomach, gallbladder, small intestine, bladder
What is the peritoneum in the abdominal cavity?
Serous membrane made of parietal (lines walls) and visceral (covers organs) layers.
4 quadrants of abdomen and 9 quadrants?
right/left upper, right/left lower. 9- epigastric is top, umbilical is middle, and hypo gastric/supra pubic is bottom (all of these are in the middle).
BMI and waist /hip ratio
BMI- kg/height squared in m. Normal BMI is 18.5 to 24.9
WC- waist/hip circumference
Liver?
Fills most of RUQ and extends into left mid clavicular line, lower edge of liver can be palpable, produces bile salts, helps with digestion. Largest organ in body.
Spleen?
Largest lymphatic tissue mass, filters blood, stores RBC, produces antibodies, it lies under the diaphragm.in LUQ.
Kidneys and stomach?
K- Get rid of wastes from blood, produces urine, located in both upper quadrants
S- starts digestion, increases acid content, located in LUQ
Small intestine and large intestine?
SI- chyme moves through and it neutralizes acid, helps with digestion/absorption
LI- divided into 3 parts, has peristalsis to move food along, eliminates waste/does more absorption,
Bladder?
Holds around 800 mL of urine, has sphincters to control bladder function to void
What is enteral nutrition?
Nutrients given via GI tract. Patient can’t ingest food but able to digest.
Developmental considerations for elderly?
Adipose accumulation, decreased saliva/gastric acids, decreased liver size (slower metabolism), decreased renal function, constipation.
What race is lactose intolerance common in?
Common in INDG, africans
