Neurological Pathology Flashcards
What are side effects of brain herniation
headache
vomiting
decreased consciousness
ocular defects
What is the difference between a cerebral infarction and a cerebral hemorrhage
Cerebral infarction = loss of blood flow to an area of the brain
Cerebral hemorrhage = bleeding within the brain
What are Transient ischemic attacks (TIA)
warning signs of cerebrovascular accidents (strokes) that cause confusion, difficulty communicating, typically no long term dysfunction.
What are the different types of cerebrovascular accidents
hemorrhagic stroke
thrombotic stroke
embolic stroke
what causes most hemorrhagic strokes
hypertension causing an aneurysm, then that aneurysm burst and hemorrhages.
what is the difference between a thrombic stroke and an embolic stroke
thrombus that blocks the arteries forms inside the artery
embolus that blocks the vessels forms outside the vessel that it blocks
what are the different types of aneurysms
saccular/berry aneurysms
fusiform/giant aneurysms
what is the difference between a closed and open trauma
closed means the trauma didn’t cause the dura to break, open is when the dura is broken
how do you distinguish between different grade of concussions
Grade 1 - momentary amnesia
Grade 2 - retrograde amnesia
Grade 3 - retrograde and anterograde amnesia
Grade 4 - loss of consciousness
What are diffuse axonal injuries
axon damage (shaking/shearing) shaking baby syndrome
What does brudzinkskis test help us diagnose
meningitis
What causes Dolls eyes, or responds to the caloric reflex test
encephalitis (inflammation of the brain substance)
what is a glioma
tumor of Astrocytes. oligodendrocytes, or ependymal cells
what is a medulloblastoma
tumor of the cerebellum
