Diabetes Flashcards
What is the transporter responsible for moving glucose into muscle and fat cells, that needs insulin to do so
GLUT-4
what inhibits glucagon secretion
insulin
What is used to test for diabetes, and what should be used
blood glucose levels are used, but fasting insulin levels should be used
What is insulin resistance
typically caused when insulin levels are high for long periods of time, it is when some pathways in cell no longer respond to insulin
What is the most widely used anti-diabetic drug, and what does it do
metformin, it increases insulin sensitivity and lower blood glucose and insulin
When do we use sulfonylureas, and what do they do?
they help the pancreas make insulin, they are used for MODY
What is the problem with using SGLT-inhibitors to lower insulin
it inhibits glucose reabsorption in the kidneys and increases risk of UTIs and kindey cancer
what is the problem with using thoiazolidinediones to lower insulin
they increase the action of insulin in adipose tissue = obeisity
what is the switch that flips a patient from IR to type 2 diabetes
when you get to the point that you aren’t able to process the blood glucose due to insulin resistance and your blood glucose becomes too high. you have way too much insulin and too much blood glucose
what blood glucose level is considered hypoglycemic
below 40 mg/dl (below 15 is a coma)
what blood glucose concentration is too high for reabsorption by the kidney tubules
above 200 mg/dl
how do you diagnose each type of diabetes mellitus (type 1, type 2, MODY)
type 1 - test insulin levels, blood glucose levels, and anti-B antibodies
type 2 - test insulin levels. and blood glucose levels
MODY - rule out type 1 with anti-b antibodies, DNA testing
how is type 1 treated
insulin
how it type 2 treated
diet change, exercise,
how is MODY treated
lifestyle changes or sulfonureas
