neurological disorders Flashcards
glasgow coma scale has 3 categories to measure severity of mTBI
1) Eye Opening = from no response to spontaneous eye opening
2) Motor Response = From flaccid muscles to voluntary movement of muscles in response to commands
3) Verbal Response = From no response to full orientation to time, place and self
closed head injuries are most common in what brain areas?
frontal and temporal lobes
Common and most likely at frontal lobes and temporal poles due to the uneven, “sandpaper-like” surface of the bone plates that hold them in place.
diffuse axonal injury
Physical forces shear, tear and rupture nerves, blood vessels, and the covering of the brain.
diffuse axonal injury
diffuse axonal injury are most commonly described in a?
concussion
cerebral hemorrhage can result from a
closed head injury
why can closed head injuries lead to cerebral hemorrhaging
blood gets trapped and can result in a hematoma putting pressure on the brain
- another source of pressure is caused by edema
Two neurobehavioral effects of closed head injury.
1) Impairment in functions mediated by the cortex at the site of coup or countrecoup lesion
2) Generalized impairment due to widespread trauma throughout the brain
Skull is fractured and there is an opening causing the brain to be exposed
-exemplifies a ?
open head injury
Neurobehavioral effects align with expected deficits based on where the lesion occ
-exemplifies a?
open head injury
in a open head injury recovery takes?
could be rapid or could take years
4 symptoms of PTSD
1) Intrusion symptoms
2) Persistent avoidance
3) Negative alterations in cognitions and mood
–> Inability to remember important aspect of trauma
4) Marked alterations in arousal and reactivity
–> Problems with concentration
3 neurocognitive models of PTSD
1) Decreased hippocampal volumes
2) hyperactive amygdala
3) hypoactive dorsal and orbital prefrontal cortex
Most common cause of death and chronic disease in the Western world
cerebral vascular disorders
a stroke and Infarct are causes of?
cerebral vascular accident
the sudden disruption of blood flow to the brain
stroke
area of dead or dying tissue resulting from an obstruction of the blood vessels
infarct