Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSYCH 351b > attention, memory and learning > Flashcards

attention, memory and learning Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

what are peterson and posners 3 distinct networks for attention

A

alerting network
orientating network
dual executive network

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Attention system is anatomically separate from the sensory systems that process incoming information and produce behaviors
-whose network of attention theory?

A

peterson and posner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Speeds up reaction & detection of stimuli (especially by enhancing function of prefrontal and posterior parietal regions)
-what network of attention?

A

alerting network

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

the alerting network of attentions key is ? from ? in the brain stem

A

adrenergic projection from locus coeruleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

in the alerting network of attention, activity get increased in what brain part?

A

anterior cingulate cortex and related structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Prioritizes sensory input by selecting a sensory modality or location in space
-what network of attention is this?

A

orientating network

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

the orientating network is composed of 2 other networks. what are they?

A

dorsal orientating network and the ventral orientating network

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Synchronizes visuo-spatial orienting in order to “lock on” to the attentional target.
-what network of attention?

A

dorsal orientating network

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Involved in disengaging and shifting attention to new targets.
- what network of attention

A

ventral orientating network

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

frontoparietal system and cingulo-opercular system belong to what network of attention?

A

executive network

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

frontoparietal system does what?

A

Voluntary control of attention on moment-to-moment basis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

cingulo-opercular system does what?

A

maintaining task set throughout a task

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

structures of the orientate network are? and the modulator is?

A 
superior parietal
temporal parietal 
frontal eye fields 
superior colliculus
-- acetylcholine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

structures of the alerting network are? and the modulator is?

A

locus coeruleas
right frontal
parietal cortex
–norepinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

structures of the executive network are? and the modulator is?

A 
anterior cingulate
lateral ventral 
prefrontal 
basal ganglia 
---dopamine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The failure to notice an event that occurs while performing a task (e.g., “gorilla experiment”)

A

intentional blindness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Failure to notice changes in presence, identity, or location of objects in scenes

A

change blindness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

5 models of memory (sensory modality based)

A 
olfactive
auditory
gustative
tactile 
visual
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

5 models of memory (content based)

A 
memory for faces 
memory for objects 
memory for names 
spatial memory 
autiobiographical memory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

3 models of memory (time based)

A

past (retrograde)
present (anterograde)
future (prospective)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

3 models of memory (storage capacity based)

A 
sensory
short term (working) 
long term
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

short term memory is associated with processing on both ? and ?

A

dorsal (spatial/memory) and ventral streams (recognition)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

-Semantic memory (facts, general knowledge)
– Episodic memory (your own experiences)
- parts of?

A

long term explicit memory

24
Q

-Conditioning (pairing puff of air with tone, = blink etc)
– Procedural knowledge
– Priming (subconscious priming of people)
- parts of?

A

long term implicit memory

25
Q

episodic memory is dependent on what brain structures?

A

medial frontal lobes, medial temporal lobes including the hippocampus

26
Q

memory for personal experiences

A

episodic memory

27
Q

nonautobiographical knowledge about the world

A

semantic memory

28
Q

denate gyrus of hippocampus contains what kind of cells?

A

stellate granule cells (sensory)

29
Q

ammons horn of the hippocampus contains what kind of cells?

A

pyrimidal cells (motor)

30
Q

the input pathway of the hippocampus is called?

- it is the connection between the ? and the ?

A

perforant pathway

-hippocampus and posterior prefrontal cortex

31
Q

the output pathway of the hippocampus is called?

it is the connection between the ? and the ?

A

fimbria fornix

-hippocampus to the thalamus, prefrontal cortex, hypothalamus and basal ganglia

32
Q

More Left PFC
Especially semantic information
(encoding or retrieval)

A

encoding

33
Q

More Right PFC
Bilateral parietal cortex
(encoding or retrieval)

A

retrieval

34
Q

Suggested circuit for implicit memory that includes entire neocortex and basal ganglia
-who? (neural substrates of implicit memory)

A

petri and meshkin

35
Q

Implicit memory not supported by discrete neural circuit
– Instead it reflects plastic changes that take place in the brain regions processing the information
-who? (neural substrates of implicit memory)

A

paul reber

36
Q

the pathway of neural circuit for implicit memory

A

sensory and motor info–> rest of neocortex–> basal ganglia
substantia nigra —> basal ganglia
basal ganglia–> ventral thalamus –> pre motor cortex

37
Q

Inability to acquire new memories (after the injury

A

anterograde amnesia

38
Q

Inability to access old memories – May be incomplete—older memories accessible but more recent memories are not

A

retrograde amnesia

39
Q

what are the 3 theories of amnesia?

A

system consolidation theory
multiple trace theory
reconsolidation theory

40
Q

Role of the hippocampus is to consolidate memories, making them permanent, hold them for a time, and then send them to be stored elsewhere in the brain
- what theory of amnesia?

A

system consolidation theory

41
Q 
Three kinds of memory
 – Autobiographic memory 
– Factual semantic memory 
– General semantic memory 
– Each type is dependent on a different brain area
-what theory of amnesia?
A

multiple trace theory

42
Q

the multiple trace theory believes there is 3 kinds of memories. these are?

A
  • autobiographical
  • factual semantic
  • general semantic
43
Q

Memories rarely consist of single trace or neural substrate • Each time memory used it is reconsolidated
-what theory of amnesia?

A

reconsolidation theory

44
Q

memory reenters a labile phase when it is recalled and is then re-stored as a new memory – Results in many different traces for the same event
-what theory of amnesia

A

reconsolidation theory

45
Q

Loss of old memories and inability to form new ones; can be a one-time event

A

transient global amnesia

46
Q

Medial-temporal-lobe damage leads to anterograde amnesia

– Damage to the insula contributes to retrograde amnesia

A

herpes simplex encephalitis

47
Q

damage to what leads to anterograde amnesia?

A

medial temporal lobe

48
Q

damage to what contributes to retrograde amnesia

A

insula

49
Q

-Begins with cellular change in the medial temporal cortex and anterograde amnesia
– Later, damage to the temporal association and frontal cortical areas is related to retrograde amnesia

A

alzheimers disease

50
Q

Anterograde and retrograde amnesia – Confabulation – Meager content in conversation – Lack of insight – Apathy – They make up new things to fill the gaps in their memories (unintentionally
-what are these signs of?

A

karsakoffs syndrome

51
Q

what is karsakoffs syndrome caused from?

A

a thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency resulting from prolonged alcohol intake

52
Q

karsakoffs syndrome may be from damage to?

A

medial thalamus, mammillary bodies of the hypothalamus, and frontal lobe atrophy

53
Q

Form of autism in which individuals have high intellectual function and excellent memory abilities

A

aspergers

54
Q

Person who has an intellectual disability but also has a special ability in math, memory, or music

A

savant

55
Q

Highly Superior Autobiographical Memory – Incredible memory ability—can completely recall events in their lives (including weather and social events!

A

HSAM

56
Q

alzhiemers begins with what amnesia and later gets what type of amnesia?

A

anterograde and retrograde

PSYCH 351b (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions