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Y2 BRS Neurology > Neurological Disorders > Flashcards

Neurological Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What factors do you need to address when obtaining a headache history?

A
  1. Site
  2. Onset
  3. Character
  4. Radiation
  5. Associated symptoms
  6. Timing
  7. Exacerbating/alleviating factors
  8. Severity
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2
Q

What are the red flags symptoms related to headaches?

A

1,. Meningism

  1. Non-blanching rash
  2. Systemically unwell
  3. Neuro Sx
  4. Seizures
  5. > 65 y/o and unilateral
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3
Q

What does systemically unwell mean?

A
  1. Fever
  2. Weight loss
  3. Myalgia
  4. Chills
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4
Q

What are primary headaches?

A

Headache is the disease

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5
Q

What are some examples of a primary headache?

A
  1. Migraine
  2. Tension
  3. Cluster headache
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6
Q

What are secondary headaches?

A

Headache is a symptom of the underlying disease

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7
Q

What are some examples of a secondary headache?

A
  1. Meningitis
  2. Encephalitis
  3. Giant Cell Arteritis
  4. Brain Bleed
  5. CNS Tumours
  6. Raised ICP
  7. Trigeminal Neuralgia
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8
Q

What are the types of brain bleeds?

A
  1. Extradural
  2. Subdural
  3. Subarachnoid
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9
Q

What is dementia?

A

A deterioration in cognition the leads to behavioural issues and impaired daily functioning, regardless of the cause

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10
Q

What are four types of dementia from most to least common?

A
  1. Alzheimer’s
  2. Vascular
  3. Lewy Body
  4. Fronto-temporal
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11
Q

What are the 5 A’s of Alzheimer’s presentation?

A
  1. Amnesia
  2. Anomia
  3. Apraxia
  4. Agnosia
  5. Aphasia
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12
Q

What medication are used for Alzheimer’s?

A
  1. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

2. Memantine in advanced stages

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13
Q

What acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are used for Alzheimer’s?

A
  1. Rivastigmine

2. Donepezil

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14
Q

What is vascular dementia?

A

Step-wise deterioration due to multiple CVA or ischaemia

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15
Q

What are the risk factors for vascular dementia?

A
  1. Smoking
  2. HTN
  3. DM
  4. Hyperlipidaemia
  5. M>F
  6. Elderly
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16
Q

What is the management for vascular dementia?

A
  1. Treat underlying risk factors (anti-HTN etc)

2. ACh esterase inhibitors

Y2 BRS Neurology (7 decks)

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