Cerebral Vasculature and Cerebrovascular Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the blood supply to the brain

A
  1. Vertebral artery

2. (Common Carotid -> ) Internal Carotid artery

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2
Q

Describe the venous drainage of the brain

A

Cerebral veins -> venous sinuses in the dura mater -> internal jugular vein

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3
Q

What are the types of haemorrhage?

A
  1. Extradural
  2. Subdural
  3. Subarachnoid
  4. Intracerebral
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4
Q

What haemorrhage is trauma, immediate clinical effects (arterial, high pressure)?

A

Extradural

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5
Q

What is an extradural haemorrhage?

A

Trauma, immediate clinical effects (arterial,

high pressure)

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6
Q

What haemorrhage is trauma, can be delayed clinical effects (venous, lower pressure)?

A

Subdural

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7
Q

What is a subdural haemorrhage?

A

Trauma, can be delayed clinical effects

venous, lower pressure

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8
Q

What haemorrhage is ruptured aneurysms?

A

Subarachnoid

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9
Q

What is a subarachnoid haemorrhage?

A

Ruptured aneurysms

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10
Q

What haemorrhage is spontaneous hypertensive?

A

Intracerebral

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11
Q

What is an intracerebral haemorrhage?

A

Spontaneous hypertensive

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12
Q

Which haemorrhages are from trauma?

A
  1. Extradural

2. Subdural

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13
Q

Which haemorrhage has immediate clinical effetcs?

A

Extradural

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14
Q

Which haemorrhage can be delayed clinical effects?

A

Subdural

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15
Q

What is the name for a stroke?

A

CVA - Cerebrovascular Accident

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16
Q

What is a CVA - Cerebrovascular Accident?

17
Q

What is the definition of a stroke?

A

Rapidly developing focal disturbance of brain function of presumed vascular origin and of >24 hours duration

18
Q

What are the two causes of a stroke?

A
  1. Thrombo-embolic

2. Haemorrhage

19
Q

What is the most common cause of a stroke?

A

Thrombo-embolic (85%)

20
Q

If a stroke is rapid onset, what is the likely origin?

21
Q

What is a TIA - transient ischaemia attack?

A

Rapidly developing focal disturbance of brain function of presumed vascular origin that resolves completely within 24 hours

22
Q

What is the different in a CVA and TIA?

A

CVA - >24hrs duration

TIA - resolves completely within 24hrs

23
Q

What is an infarction?

A

Degenerative changes which occur in tissue following occlusion of an artery

24
Q

What is a cerebral ischaemia?

A

Lack of sufficient blood supply to nervous tissue resulting in permanent damage if blood flow if not restored quickly

25
What is thrombosis?
Formation of a blood clot (thrombus)
26
What is embolism?
Plugging of small vessel by material carried from larger vessel e.g. thrombi from the heart or atherosclerotic debris from the internal carotid
27
What are risk factors for stroke?
1. Age 2. Hypertension 3. Cardiac disease 4. Smoking 5. Diabetes mellitus
28
What are the symptoms of an anterior cerebral artery stroke?
1. Paralysis of contralateral structures (leg > arm, face) 2. Disturbance of intellect, executive function and judgement (abulia) 3. Loss of appropriate social behaviour
29
What are the symptoms of an middle cerebral artery stroke?
``` “Classic stroke” 1, Contralateral hemiplegia: arm > leg 2. Contralateral hemisensory deficits 3. Hemianopia 4. Aphasia (L sided lesion) ```
30
What are the symptoms of an posterior cerebral artery stroke?
Visual deficits 1. Homonymous hemianopia 2. Visual agnosia
31
When will aphasia occur in a middle cerebral artery stroke?
L sided leison
32
What cerebral artery stroke affects legs?
Anterior cerebral stroke
33
What cerebral artery stroke affects arms (and face)?
Middle cerebral stroke