Neurological and Musculoskeletal

Question 1

nerves that go from your brain to your eyes, mouth, ears, and head

Answer 1

cranial

Question 2

nerves in your brain and spinal cord

Answer 2

central

Question 3

nerves go from your spinal cord to your arms, hands, legs, feet

Answer 3

peripheral

Question 4

nerves go from your spinal cord to your lungs, heart, stomach, intestines, bladder, and sex organs

Answer 4

autonomic

Question 5

major considerations for neuro system assessment

Answer 5

chief complaint
physical condition
ability to cooperate with assessment

Question 6

dysarthria

Answer 6

difficulty speaking

Question 7

dysphagia

Answer 7

difficulty swallowing

Question 8

defective muscular coordination manifested with attempted voluntary movements

Answer 8

ataxia

Question 9

Rigid body position assumed by a patient who has lost cerebral control

Answer 9

decerebrate

Question 10

Characterized by arms that are stiff and extended, the forearms pronated, and the deep tendon reflexes exaggerated.

Answer 10

decerebrate

Question 11

Posture of a patient with a lesion at or above the upper brainstem

Answer 11

decorticate

Question 12

Character: Rigidly still with arms flexed, fists clenched, and legs extended.

Answer 12

decorticate

Question 13

Remembers events or information from a few minutes before

Answer 13

immediate

Question 14

Remembers events or information from earlier in the day

Answer 14

recent

Question 15

Remembers events or information from months or years ago

Answer 15

remote

Question 16

partial or incomplete paralysis

Answer 16

paresis

Question 17

abnormal or unpleasant sensation that results from injury to one or more nerves (burning, tingling)

Answer 17

paresthesia

Question 18

Awareness of posture, movement, and changes in equilibrium.

Answer 18

proprioception

Question 19

alternate involuntary muscular contraction and relaxation in rapid succession.

Answer 19

clonus

hyperreflexivity – jerky beat

Question 20

four major components of cerebral function assessment

Answer 20

LOC
orientation
verbal responsiveness
mental status exam

Question 21

a&o

Answer 21

alert and oriented

Question 22

The patient is drowsy but awakens—although not fully—to stimulation. She will answer questions and follow commands, but will do so slowly and inattentively. Sluggish.

Answer 22

lethargy

Question 23

The patient is difficult to arouse and needs constant stimulation in order to follow a simple command. They may respond verbally with one or two words, but will drift back to sleep between stimulation. Confused when awake.

Answer 23

obtunded

Question 24

The patient arouses to vigorous and continuous stimulation; typically, a painful stimulus is required. They may moan briefly but does not follow commands. Their only response may be an attempt to withdraw from or remove the painful stimulus.

Answer 24

stupor

Question 25

The patient does not respond to continuous or painful stimulation. They do not move—except, possibly, reflexively—and does not make any verbal sounds.

Answer 25

comatose

Question 26

loc

Answer 26

loss of consciousness or level of consciousness (clarify!)

Question 27

The patient is alert, attentive, and follows commands. If asleep, she responds promptly to external stimulation and, once awake, remains attentive.

Answer 27

full consciousness

Question 28

oriented x4

Answer 28

person place time situation

Question 29

triceps, biceps, brachioradialis, patellar, achilles

Answer 29

deep tendon reflex

Question 30

reflex response: very brisk, hyperactive with clonus, always abnormal

Answer 30

4+

Question 31

reflex response: diminished, low normal, or occurs only with reinforcement

Answer 31

1+

Question 32

reflex response: average

Answer 32

2+

Question 33

reflex response: no response

Answer 33

0

Question 34

reflex response: very brisk, hyperactive with clonus, always abnormal

Answer 34

3+

Question 35

Extension of the big toe upon plantar reflex check

Answer 35

Babinski's sign: abnormal, except in children younger than 2 years

Question 36

normal response to plantar reflex check

Answer 36

plantar flexion (curling under)

Question 37

four qualities of muscle

Answer 37

size, strength, tone, involuntary movements

Question 38

rapid alternating movements, finger to nose, heel to shin test assess what function?

Answer 38

coordination and skilled movements

Question 39

loses balance with feet together, arms at side, eyes closed

Answer 39

positive Romberg test

Question 40

spinothalamic tract assessments

Answer 40

pain, temperature, light touch

Question 41

the ability to recognize forms by touch

Answer 41

stereognosis

Question 42

the ability to recognize letters, words, numbers, outlines, or symbols when drawn on the skin

Answer 42

graphesthesia

Question 43

glasgow coma scale

Answer 43

easily reproducible basic neuro exam.

Question 44

musculoskeletal functions

Answer 44

``` support movement protection of internal vital organs production of red blood cells storage of minerals ```

Question 45

non inflammatory joint pain on weight bearing joints

Answer 45

degenerative joint disease

Question 46

inflammation of the joint

Answer 46

osteoarthritis

Question 47

systemic disease where chronic inflammation leads to erosion/destruction of the joint

Answer 47

rheumatoid arthritis

Question 48

loss of bone mass; more common after menopause

Answer 48

osteoporosis

Question 49

pivot joint example

Answer 49

skull on spine

Question 50

ball and socket joint example

Answer 50

shoulder

Question 51

ellipsoidal joint example

Answer 51

wrist

Question 52

hinge joint example

Answer 52

elbow

Question 53

crunching noise on movement

Answer 53

crepitus

Question 54

muscle wasting

Answer 54

atrophy

Question 55

increased muscle mass

Answer 55

hypertrophy

Question 56

shortened muscle

Answer 56

contracture

Question 57

twitch or involuntary muscle movement

Answer 57

fasciculation

Question 58

muscle grade: Able to move joint w/ full resistance through ROM

Answer 58

5

Question 59

muscle grade: able to move joint against gravity

Answer 59

3

Question 60

muscle grade: slight contraction

Answer 60

1

Question 61

muscle grade: able to move joint with some resistance through ROM

Answer 61

4

Question 62

muscle grade: no contraction

Answer 62

0

Question 63

muscle grade: able to move joint in a gravity eliminated position

Answer 63

2

Question 64

normal gait

Answer 64

smooth, rhythmic, effortless, contralateral

Question 65

syndactyly

Answer 65

fewer digits

Question 66

polydactyly

Answer 66

additional digits

Question 67

genu varum

Answer 67

bowlegged (can be caused by Ricketts)

Question 68

genu valgum

Answer 68

knock knee

Question 69

talipes equinovarus

Answer 69

clubfoot

Question 70

hallux valgus

Answer 70

deformation of big toe joint (can be with bunion)

Question 71

inflammation of the synovial sac

Answer 71

bursitis

Question 72

joint with uric acid and crystals

Answer 72

gout

Question 73

most common gout attack location

Answer 73

big toe joint

Question 74

one or more bones in a joint being out of position

Answer 74

dislocation

Question 75

partial dislocation of a joint

Answer 75

subluxation

Question 76

stiffness or fixation of a joint

Answer 76

ankylosis