Cardiovascular and Peripheral Vascular

Question 1

Personal habits related to cardiovascular health

Answer 1

smoking/tobacco
diet
exercise
alcohol and drug use

Question 2

Personal and family history related to CV health

Answer 2

diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease, hyperlipidemia

Question 3

Symptoms related to CV health

Answer 3

chest pain, fatigue, dizziness, syncope, diaphoresis, palpitations, cough, edema, numbness or pain in the extremities, skin

Question 4

symptoms related to CV health: syncope

Answer 4

fainting

Question 5

symptoms related to CV health: diaphoresis

Answer 5

profuse swelling

Question 6

symptoms related to CV health: dyspnea

Answer 6

difficulty breathing

Question 7

symptoms related to CV health: paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

Answer 7

trouble breathing at night, relieved by orthopnea (sleeping at night)

Question 8

symptoms related to CV health: edema

Answer 8

swelling, collecting fluid in extremities as a result of fluid volume overload

Question 9

In children and adolescents, chest pain is [seldom/often] due to a cardiac problem

Answer 9

seldom

Question 10

[t/f] In adults, assume chest pain is respiratory until proven otherwise

Answer 10

false, assume cardiac

Question 11

Systems that can cause chest pain

Answer 11

cardiac, musculoskeletal, pleural/pulmonary, GI, psychoneurotic

Question 12

4 heart valves

Answer 12

Try Performing Better Always:
Tricuspid, Pulmonary, Bicuspid (Mitral), Aortic

APT M
Upper: Aortic (R) Pulmonary (L)
Lower: Tricuspid (R) Mitral (L)

Question 13

atrioventricular valves

Answer 13

mitral and tricuspid

Question 14

semilunar valves

Answer 14

pulmonic valve and aortic valve

Question 15

apex is [top/bottom] of the heart

Answer 15

bottom (the point of the left ventricle) where S1 is loudest – closing of mitral and tricuspid valves

Question 16

s2

Answer 16

closure of aortic and pulmonic valves

Question 17

s1

Answer 17

closure of mitral and tricuspid valves

Question 18

when is s2 split normal

Answer 18

during inspiration

Question 19

tachycardia

Answer 19

> 100 bpm in an adult

Question 20

bradycardia

Answer 20

<60 bm in an adult

Question 21

halfway between axilla and middle of sternum

Answer 21

midclavicular line

Question 22

intercostal spaces are numbered [above/below] the rib

Answer 22

below

Question 23

t/f: an aortic pulsation is always abnormal

Answer 23

false, can be easily visualized on some people with little adipose dissue

Question 24

places to visualize pallor or cyanosis in people with more melanin

Answer 24

conjunctival sacs, fingernails, inside of lips

Question 25

point of maximal impulse

Answer 25

midclavicular line, 5th intercostal space

Question 26

2245 APT M

Answer 26

2nd ICS R Aortic 2nd ICS L Pulmonic 4th ICS R Tricuspid 5th ICS L Mitral

Question 27

Erb's point

Answer 27

3rd intercostal space, left sternal border: Hear s1 and s2 evenly

Question 28

a high pitched, scratchy sound caused by pericardial inflammation

Answer 28

rub (auscultate lower left sternal border)

Question 29

regurg murmer

Answer 29

mitral valve insufficiency

Question 30

ejection murmer

Answer 30

aortic stenosis

Question 31

grade [I or VI] is the most significant murmer

Answer 31

VI

Question 32

5 components of peripheral vascular assessment

Answer 32

- skin temp - color - pulses - capillary refill - edema

Question 33

bruit (pronounced BREW-ies)

Answer 33

blowing or swishing sound in carotid

Question 34

JVD

Answer 34

jugular vein distension

Question 35

"pedal pulse": typically refers to

Answer 35

top of the foot (dorsalis pedis) -- another pedal pulse would be posterior tibial

Question 36

1+ pulse

Answer 36

weak, thready

Question 37

3+ pulse

Answer 37

bounding on 3+ scale | strong on 4+ scale

Question 38

2+ pulse

Answer 38

normal

Question 39

0 pulse

Answer 39

no pulse palpable

Question 40

normal time for capillary refill

Answer 40

within 2 seconds (hand at level of heart)

Question 41

4+ pulse

Answer 41

bounding on 4+ scale

Question 42

pitting edema grades: multiply grade by what to get mm?

Answer 42

``` x2 1+ = 2mm 2+ = 4mm 3+ = 6mm 4+ = 8mm ```

Question 43

2+ pitting edema

Answer 43

4 mm disappears 10-15 seconds

Question 44

3+ pitting edema

Answer 44

6 mm lasts 1 min or more, obvious in extremity

Question 45

4+ pitting edema

Answer 45

8 mm + 2-3 min or more, potentially deformed extremity

Question 46

DVT s/s

Answer 46

unilateral edema, pain or achiness, erythema, warmth

Question 47

[encourage/avoid] ambulation with suspected DVT

Answer 47

avoid -- don't want to dislodge clot and cause pulmonary embolism

Question 48

arterial or venous disorder: sharp, stabbing pain

Answer 48

arterial

Question 49

arterial or venous disorder: with prolonged sitting or standing

Answer 49

venous

Question 50

arterial or venous disorder: worse with activity

Answer 50

arterial

Question 51

arterial or venous disorder: helped by raising feet and legs

Answer 51

venous

Question 52

arterial or venous disorder: intermittent claudication

Answer 52

arterial

Question 53

arterial or venous disorder: cool/cold skin

Answer 53

arterial

Question 54

arterial or venous disorder: mottled, thickened, brown skin

Answer 54

venous

Question 55

arterial or venous disorder: hairless, shiny

Answer 55

arterial

Question 56

arterial or venous disorder: | pallor on elevation, rubor on dangling

Answer 56

arterial

Question 57

arterial or venous disorder: absent pulses

Answer 57

arterial

Question 58

arterial or venous disorder: edema

Answer 58

venous

Question 59

6 P's of acute arterial occlusion

Answer 59

``` pain poikilothermia (coldness parasthesia paralysis pallor pulselessness ```

Question 60

s3

Answer 60

S1 -- S2-S3 | Ken -- Tuck-Y

Question 61

S4

Answer 61

S4-S1 -- S2 | TEN-es -- see