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Nursing Assessment > Cardiovascular and Peripheral Vascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular and Peripheral Vascular Flashcards

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1
Q

Personal habits related to cardiovascular health

A

smoking/tobacco
diet
exercise
alcohol and drug use

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2
Q

Personal and family history related to CV health

A

diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease, hyperlipidemia

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3
Q

Symptoms related to CV health

A

chest pain, fatigue, dizziness, syncope, diaphoresis, palpitations, cough, edema, numbness or pain in the extremities, skin

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4
Q

symptoms related to CV health: syncope

A

fainting

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5
Q

symptoms related to CV health: diaphoresis

A

profuse swelling

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6
Q

symptoms related to CV health: dyspnea

A

difficulty breathing

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7
Q

symptoms related to CV health: paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

A

trouble breathing at night, relieved by orthopnea (sleeping at night)

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8
Q

symptoms related to CV health: edema

A

swelling, collecting fluid in extremities as a result of fluid volume overload

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9
Q

In children and adolescents, chest pain is [seldom/often] due to a cardiac problem

A

seldom

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10
Q

[t/f] In adults, assume chest pain is respiratory until proven otherwise

A

false, assume cardiac

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11
Q

Systems that can cause chest pain

A

cardiac, musculoskeletal, pleural/pulmonary, GI, psychoneurotic

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12
Q

4 heart valves

A

Try Performing Better Always:
Tricuspid, Pulmonary, Bicuspid (Mitral), Aortic

APT M
Upper: Aortic (R) Pulmonary (L)
Lower: Tricuspid (R) Mitral (L)

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13
Q

atrioventricular valves

A

mitral and tricuspid

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14
Q

semilunar valves

A

pulmonic valve and aortic valve

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15
Q

apex is [top/bottom] of the heart

A

bottom (the point of the left ventricle) where S1 is loudest – closing of mitral and tricuspid valves

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16
Q

s2

A

closure of aortic and pulmonic valves

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17
Q

s1

A

closure of mitral and tricuspid valves

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18
Q

when is s2 split normal

A

during inspiration

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19
Q

tachycardia

A

> 100 bpm in an adult

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20
Q

bradycardia

A

<60 bm in an adult

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21
Q

halfway between axilla and middle of sternum

A

midclavicular line

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22
Q

intercostal spaces are numbered [above/below] the rib

A

below

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23
Q

t/f: an aortic pulsation is always abnormal

A

false, can be easily visualized on some people with little adipose dissue

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24
Q

places to visualize pallor or cyanosis in people with more melanin

A

conjunctival sacs, fingernails, inside of lips

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25
Q

point of maximal impulse

A

midclavicular line, 5th intercostal space

26
Q

2245 APT M

A

2nd ICS R Aortic
2nd ICS L Pulmonic
4th ICS R Tricuspid
5th ICS L Mitral

27
Q

Erb’s point

A

3rd intercostal space, left sternal border: Hear s1 and s2 evenly

28
Q

a high pitched, scratchy sound caused by pericardial inflammation

A

rub (auscultate lower left sternal border)

29
Q

regurg murmer

A

mitral valve insufficiency

30
Q

ejection murmer

A

aortic stenosis

31
Q

grade [I or VI] is the most significant murmer

A

VI

32
Q

5 components of peripheral vascular assessment

A
  • skin temp
  • color
  • pulses
  • capillary refill
  • edema
33
Q

bruit (pronounced BREW-ies)

A

blowing or swishing sound in carotid

34
Q

JVD

A

jugular vein distension

35
Q

“pedal pulse”: typically refers to

A

top of the foot (dorsalis pedis) – another pedal pulse would be posterior tibial

36
Q

1+ pulse

A

weak, thready

37
Q

3+ pulse

A

bounding on 3+ scale

strong on 4+ scale

38
Q

2+ pulse

A

normal

39
Q

0 pulse

A

no pulse palpable

40
Q

normal time for capillary refill

A

within 2 seconds (hand at level of heart)

41
Q

4+ pulse

A

bounding on 4+ scale

42
Q

pitting edema grades: multiply grade by what to get mm?

A 
x2
1+ = 2mm
2+ = 4mm
3+ = 6mm
4+ = 8mm
43
Q

2+ pitting edema

A

4 mm disappears 10-15 seconds

44
Q

3+ pitting edema

A

6 mm lasts 1 min or more, obvious in extremity

45
Q

4+ pitting edema

A

8 mm + 2-3 min or more, potentially deformed extremity

46
Q

DVT s/s

A

unilateral edema, pain or achiness, erythema, warmth

47
Q

[encourage/avoid] ambulation with suspected DVT

A

avoid – don’t want to dislodge clot and cause pulmonary embolism

48
Q

arterial or venous disorder: sharp, stabbing pain

A

arterial

49
Q

arterial or venous disorder: with prolonged sitting or standing

A

venous

50
Q

arterial or venous disorder: worse with activity

A

arterial

51
Q

arterial or venous disorder: helped by raising feet and legs

A

venous

52
Q

arterial or venous disorder: intermittent claudication

A

arterial

53
Q

arterial or venous disorder: cool/cold skin

A

arterial

54
Q

arterial or venous disorder: mottled, thickened, brown skin

A

venous

55
Q

arterial or venous disorder: hairless, shiny

A

arterial

56
Q

arterial or venous disorder:

pallor on elevation, rubor on dangling

A

arterial

57
Q

arterial or venous disorder: absent pulses

A

arterial

58
Q

arterial or venous disorder: edema

A

venous

59
Q

6 P’s of acute arterial occlusion

A 
pain
poikilothermia (coldness
parasthesia
paralysis
pallor
pulselessness
60
Q

s3

A

S1 – S2-S3

Ken – Tuck-Y

61
Q

S4

A

S4-S1 – S2

TEN-es – see

Nursing Assessment (13 decks)

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