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Neuro Block 4 > NeuroLab 8 > Flashcards

NeuroLab 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Precentral gyrus

A

Primary motor area. located immediately anterior to the central sulcus.

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2
Q

Premotor cortex

A

Motor neurons related to indirect (extrapyramidal) motor pathways

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3
Q

Superior frontal gyrus (medial surface)

A

Supplementary motor area and part of the premotor cortex

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4
Q

Middle frontal gyrus (caudal area)

A

Frontal eye fields and part of the premotor cortex

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5
Q

Paracentral lobule

A

Medial continuation of the primary motor (anterior) and sensory (posterior) areas.

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6
Q

Internal capsule, Posterior limb

A

Contains axons of corticobulbar, corticospinal and corticopontine neurons; also thalamocortical neurons

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7
Q

Caudate nucleus

A

Part of the striatum; extends from the floor of the anterior horn to the roof of the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle

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8
Q

Putamen

A

Part of the striatum; the most lateral portion of the lentiform nucleus (lateral to the globus pallidus)

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9
Q

Globus pallidus

A

Part of the striatum; the most medial portion of the lentiform nucleus; located Immediately lateral to the internal capsule

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10
Q

Internal capsule (anterior, genu, posterior)

A

Major pathway for sensory and motor neurons; anterior limb separates the caudate nucleus from the lentiform nucleus; genu located adjacent to the interventricular foramen; posterior limb separates thalamus from the lentiform nucleus

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11
Q

Caudate nucleus (head, tail)

A

Part of the striatum; extends from the floor of the anterior horn to the roof of the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle

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12
Q

Putamen

A

Part of the striatum; the most lateral portion of the lentiform nucleus (lateral to the globus pallidus)

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13
Q

Globus pallidus

A

Part of the striatum; the most medial portion of the lentiform nucleus; located Immediately lateral to the internal capsule

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14
Q

Thalamus

A

Contains major sensory and motor relay nuclei in the diencephalon; located medial to the posterior limb of the internal capsule

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15
Q

Internal capsule (posterior limb)

A

Posterior limb separates thalamus from the lentiform nucleus; contains the efferent corticospinal, corticobulbar and corticopontine tracts, and the afferent fibers from the thalamus to the cerebral cortex

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16
Q

Caudate nucleus, body

A

Found in the floor of the lateral ventricle; continues into the roof of the temporal horn; located medial to the internal capsule

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17
Q

Putamen

A

Part of the striatum; the most lateral portion of the lentiform nucleus (lateral to the globus pallidus)

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18
Q

Globus pallidus

A

Part of the striatum; the most medial portion of the lentiform nucleus; located Immediately lateral to the internal capsule

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19
Q

Lenticular fasciculus

A

A nerve fiber bundle (pallidothalamic neurons) running from the globus pallidus internum to the ventral anterior and ventral lateral thalamic nuclei

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20
Q

Thalamus

A

Contains major sensory and motor relay nuclei in the diencephalon; located medial to the posterior limb of the internal capsule

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21
Q

Ventral lateral thalamic nucleus

A

Motor nucleus of the thalamus; input from the cerebellum via the cerebello-rubro-thalamic tract (superior cerebellar peduncle) and from the globus pallidus internum

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22
Q

Internal capsule (posterior limb)

A

Posterior limb separates thalamus from the lentiform nucleus; contains the efferent corticospinal, corticobulbar and corticopontine tracts, and the afferent fibers from the thalamus to the cerebral cortex

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23
Q

Caudate nucleus, body

A

Found in the floor of the lateral ventricle; continues into the roof of the temporal horn; located medial to the internal capsule

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24
Q

Putamen

A

Part of the striatum; the most lateral portion of the lentiform nucleus (lateral to the globus pallidus)

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25
Globus pallidus
Part of the striatum; the most medial portion of the lentiform nucleus; located Immediately lateral to the internal capsule
26
Lenticular fasciculus
A nerve fiber bundle (pallidothalamic neurons) running from the globus pallidus internum to the ventral anterior and ventral lateral thalamic nuclei
27
Thalamus
Contains major sensory and motor relay nuclei in the diencephalon; located medial to the posterior limb of the internal capsule
28
Ventral lateral thalamic nucleus
Motor nucleus of the thalamus; input from the cerebellum via the cerebello-rubro-thalamic tract (superior cerebellar peduncle) and from the globus pallidus internum
29
Subthalamic nucleus
Located medial to internal capsule; involved in the indirect basal ganglia pathway; lesions of the subthalamic region result in hemiballismus
30
Oculomotor nucleus
Contains motor neurons to five extraocular eye muscle: levator palpebrae, superior, medial and inferior recti, and the inferior oblique
31
Cerebral crus
Major motor pathway from the cerebrum - includes corticospinal, corticobulbar and corticopontine neurons
32
Corticobulbar tract
Cell bodies in precentral gyrus; axons pass through internal capsule and cerebral crus to reach the motor neurons in the bulb (brain stem)
33
Corticospinal tract
Cell bodies located in the cerebral cortex; axons pass through the internal capsule, cerebral crus, basilar pons, pyramids to form the ventral and lateral corticospinal tract in the spinal cord
34
Corticopontine tract
Cell bodies located in the cerebral cortex; axons pass through the internal capsule and cerebral crus to terminate on pontine nuclei
35
Substantia nigra
Black substance (neuromelanin) located dorsal to cerebral crus; contains cell bodies of nigrostriatal neurons
36
Red nucleus
Located in tegmentum of the pons; input from the cerebellum and cerebral cortex; gives rise to rubrospinal tract, etc
37
Trochlear nucleus
Cell bodies of the trochlear nerve that innervates the superior oblique muscle; usually seen located below the inferior colliculus
38
Decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle
The cerebello-rubro-thalamic fibers of the superior colliculus cross in the rostral midbrain and terminate in the red nucleus and the ventral lateral thalamic nuclei
39
Middle cerebellar peduncle
Connects the pons with the cerebellum; contains the pontocerebellar fibers whose cell bodies are in the contralateral basilar pons
40
Superior cerebellar peduncle
Found in roof of fourth ventricle, continues through the midbrain where it decussates; cerebello-rubro-thalamic fibers terminate in the contralateral red nucleus the ventral lateral thalamic nucleus; contains ventral spinocerebellar fibers
41
Basilar pons
Location of pontine nuclei; pontine nuclei receive input from corticopontine fibers and give rise to the pontocerebellar fibers of the middle cerebellar peduncle; corticobulbar and corticospinal fibers traverse the basilar pons to terminate in the bulb (brain stem) or spinal cord
42
Pontine nuclei
Located in basilar pons; give rise to the pontocerebellar fibers of the middle cerebellar peduncle
43
Trigeminal motor nucleus
Motor nucleus to the muscles of mastication; located medial to the trigeminal main sensory nucleus
44
Corticospinal, corticobulbar, corticopontine tracts
All arise from the pyramidal cells of the cerebral cortex; corticospinal fibers terminate in the spinal cord; corticobulbar fibers terminate on cranial nerve nuclei; corticopontine fibers terminate on pontine nuclei
45
Pontocerebellar tract
Pontine nuclei in the basilar pons give rise pontocerebellar fibers that constitute the middle cerebellar peduncle
46
Middle cerebellar peduncle
Connects the pons with the cerebellum; contains the pontocerebellar fibers whose cell bodies are in the contralateral basilar pons
47
Superior cerebellar peduncle
Found in roof of fourth ventricle, continues through the midbrain where it decussates; cerebello-rubro-thalamic fibers terminate in the contralateral red nucleus the ventral lateral thalamic nucleus; contains ventral spinocerebellar fibers
48
Abducens nucleus
Motor nucleus associated with the facial colliculus; motor neurons to the superior oblique muscle
49
Facial motor nucleus
Motor nucleus innervating the muscles of facial expression
50
Inferior cerebellar peduncle
Contains numerous afferent and efferent fibers for the cerebellum; dorsal spinocerebellar tract, olivocerebellar fibers, vestibulocerebellar fibers, reticulocerebellar fibers, cerebello-vestibular, cerebello-reticular, etc
51
Hypoglossal nucleus
Contains cell bodies of hypoglossal nerve that innervates tongue musculature
52
Nucleus ambiguus
Motor nucleus for the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves; also contains some preganglionic parasympathetic neurons that innervate the heart
53
Vestibular nuclei
Located in the floor of the fourth ventricle; site of termination of vestibular nerve; gives rise to medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) and vestibulospinal tract
54
Inferior olivary nucleus
Contains cell bodies of olivocerebellar neurons that cross to the contralateral cerebellar hemisphere
55
Olivocerebellar fibers
Originate from the contralateral inferior olivary nucleus
56
Lateral cuneate nucleus
Unconscious proprioception from upper limb; receives input from cuneate fasciculus; contains cell bodies of cuneocerebellar fibers that reach the cerebellum via the inferior cerebellar peduncle
57
Inferior olivary nucleus
Contains cell bodies of olivocerebellar neurons that cross to the contralateral cerebellar hemisphere
58
Inferior cerebellar peduncle
Contains numerous afferent and efferent fibers for the cerebellum; dorsal spinocerebellar tract, olivocerebellar fibers, vestibulocerebellar fibers, reticulocerebellar fibers, cerebello-vestibular, cerebello-reticular, etc
59
Pyramids
Contains the corticospinal fibers from the ipsilateral cerebral cortex
60
Pyramidal decussation
Located at the junction of the caudal medulla and spinal cord; most fibers cross and form the lateral corticospinal tract in the lateral funiculus, while the remaining fibers continue as the ventral corticospinal tract and cross in the ventral white commissure before terminating in the contralateral ventral horn
61
Accessory nucleus
Motor nucleus innervating the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
62
Lateral column
Contains the lateral corticospinal tract; spinothalamic tract and dorsal and ventral spinothalamic tracts are also present
63
Ventral column
Contains the ventral corticospinal tract, the medial longitudinal fasciculus in the cervical region, and vestibulospinal, reticulospinal, etc tracts involved with reflex activity
64
Ventral white commissure
Site of crossing of the ventral spinothalamic tract as well as the spinothalamic fibers
65
Dorsal horn
Sensory horn of the spinal cord; neurons give rise to ascending sensory pathways
66
Intermediate gray
Located between the dorsal and ventral horns
67
Ventral horn
Motor horn of the spinal cord; neurons give rise to lower motor neurons (alpha and gamma motor neurons)
68
Corticospinal tract, lateral
Motor fibers located in the lateral funiculus
69
Corticospinal tract, ventral
Motor fibers located in the ventral funiculus
70
Spinocerebellar tract, dorsal
Unconscious proprioceptive neurons that arise from the ipsilateral Clarke's nucleus (nucleus dorsalis) (L2-C8) and ascend to the cerebellum
71
Spinocerebellar tract, ventral
Unconscious proprioceptive neurons that arise from cells in the posterior horn that cross to the contralateral side and ascend to the cerebellum
72
Clark's nucleus (nucleus dorsalis)
Contains the cell bodies of neurons that give rise to the ipsilateral dorsal spinocerebellar tract
73
Lateral motor cell column
Column of motor neurons in the ventral horn that innervate primarily the appendicular muscles
74
Medial motor cell column
Column of motor neurons in the ventral horn that innervate primarily the axial muscles
75
Corticospinal tract, lateral
Motor fibers located in the lateral funiculus
76
Spinocerebellar tract (ventral)
Unconscious proprioceptive neurons that arise from cells in the posterior horn that cross to the contralateral side and ascend to the cerebellum
77
Spinocerebellar tract (dorsal)
Unconscious proprioceptive neurons that arise from the ipsilateral Clarke's nucleus (nucleus dorsalis) (L2-C8) and ascend to the cerebellum
78
Posterior lobe
That part of the cerebellum between the primary fissure and the posterolateral fissure
79
Tonsil
Part of posterior lobe located near the foramen magnum
80
Posterolateral fissure
Separates the flocculonodular lobe from the posterior lobe
81
Flocculonodular lobe
That part of the cerebellum primarily concerned with vestibular function (balance)
82
Anterior lobe
That part of the cerebellum anterior to the primary fissure
83
Primary fissure
Separates the anterior lobe from the posterior lobe
84
Posterior lobe
That part of the cerebellum between the primary fissure and the posterolateral fissure
85
Vermal zone
Area on either side of the midline; involved in control of axial musculature
86
Paravermal zone
Area on either side lateral to the vermal area; involved in motor control
87
Lateral zone
Area lateral to the paravermal area; receives major input from pontocerebellar neuron, and Purkinje cells in the lateral hemispheres project especially to the dentate nucleus; dentato-rubro-thalamic pathway conveys primary output from the cerebellum
88
Cerebellum - Deep nuclei
Consist of the dentate, emboliform, globus and fastigial nuclei
89
Superior cerebellar peduncle
Major cerebello-rubro-thalamic outflow of the cerebellum; also contains the ventral spinocerebellar tract
90
Decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle
Located in the rostral midbrain where the cerebello-rubro-thalamic fibers cross to synapse on the contralateral red nucleus and continue on to terminate in the ventral lateral and ventral anterior thalamic nuclei

Neuro Block 4 (11 decks)

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