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Neuro Block 4 > NeuroLab 8 > Flashcards

NeuroLab 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Precentral gyrus

A

Primary motor area. located immediately anterior to the central sulcus.

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2
Q

Premotor cortex

A

Motor neurons related to indirect (extrapyramidal) motor pathways

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3
Q

Superior frontal gyrus (medial surface)

A

Supplementary motor area and part of the premotor cortex

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4
Q

Middle frontal gyrus (caudal area)

A

Frontal eye fields and part of the premotor cortex

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5
Q

Paracentral lobule

A

Medial continuation of the primary motor (anterior) and sensory (posterior) areas.

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6
Q

Internal capsule, Posterior limb

A

Contains axons of corticobulbar, corticospinal and corticopontine neurons; also thalamocortical neurons

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7
Q

Caudate nucleus

A

Part of the striatum; extends from the floor of the anterior horn to the roof of the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle

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8
Q

Putamen

A

Part of the striatum; the most lateral portion of the lentiform nucleus (lateral to the globus pallidus)

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9
Q

Globus pallidus

A

Part of the striatum; the most medial portion of the lentiform nucleus; located Immediately lateral to the internal capsule

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10
Q

Internal capsule (anterior, genu, posterior)

A

Major pathway for sensory and motor neurons; anterior limb separates the caudate nucleus from the lentiform nucleus; genu located adjacent to the interventricular foramen; posterior limb separates thalamus from the lentiform nucleus

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11
Q

Caudate nucleus (head, tail)

A

Part of the striatum; extends from the floor of the anterior horn to the roof of the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle

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12
Q

Putamen

A

Part of the striatum; the most lateral portion of the lentiform nucleus (lateral to the globus pallidus)

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13
Q

Globus pallidus

A

Part of the striatum; the most medial portion of the lentiform nucleus; located Immediately lateral to the internal capsule

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14
Q

Thalamus

A

Contains major sensory and motor relay nuclei in the diencephalon; located medial to the posterior limb of the internal capsule

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15
Q

Internal capsule (posterior limb)

A

Posterior limb separates thalamus from the lentiform nucleus; contains the efferent corticospinal, corticobulbar and corticopontine tracts, and the afferent fibers from the thalamus to the cerebral cortex

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16
Q

Caudate nucleus, body

A

Found in the floor of the lateral ventricle; continues into the roof of the temporal horn; located medial to the internal capsule

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17
Q

Putamen

A

Part of the striatum; the most lateral portion of the lentiform nucleus (lateral to the globus pallidus)

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18
Q

Globus pallidus

A

Part of the striatum; the most medial portion of the lentiform nucleus; located Immediately lateral to the internal capsule

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19
Q

Lenticular fasciculus

A

A nerve fiber bundle (pallidothalamic neurons) running from the globus pallidus internum to the ventral anterior and ventral lateral thalamic nuclei

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20
Q

Thalamus

A

Contains major sensory and motor relay nuclei in the diencephalon; located medial to the posterior limb of the internal capsule

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21
Q

Ventral lateral thalamic nucleus

A

Motor nucleus of the thalamus; input from the cerebellum via the cerebello-rubro-thalamic tract (superior cerebellar peduncle) and from the globus pallidus internum

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22
Q

Internal capsule (posterior limb)

A

Posterior limb separates thalamus from the lentiform nucleus; contains the efferent corticospinal, corticobulbar and corticopontine tracts, and the afferent fibers from the thalamus to the cerebral cortex

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23
Q

Caudate nucleus, body

A

Found in the floor of the lateral ventricle; continues into the roof of the temporal horn; located medial to the internal capsule

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24
Q

Putamen

A

Part of the striatum; the most lateral portion of the lentiform nucleus (lateral to the globus pallidus)

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25
Q

Globus pallidus

A

Part of the striatum; the most medial portion of the lentiform nucleus; located Immediately lateral to the internal capsule

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26
Q

Lenticular fasciculus

A

A nerve fiber bundle (pallidothalamic neurons) running from the globus pallidus internum to the ventral anterior and ventral lateral thalamic nuclei

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27
Q

Thalamus

A

Contains major sensory and motor relay nuclei in the diencephalon; located medial to the posterior limb of the internal capsule

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28
Q

Ventral lateral thalamic nucleus

A

Motor nucleus of the thalamus; input from the cerebellum via the cerebello-rubro-thalamic tract (superior cerebellar peduncle) and from the globus pallidus internum

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29
Q

Subthalamic nucleus

A

Located medial to internal capsule; involved in the indirect basal ganglia pathway; lesions of the subthalamic region result in hemiballismus

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30
Q

Oculomotor nucleus

A

Contains motor neurons to five extraocular eye muscle: levator palpebrae, superior, medial and inferior recti, and the inferior oblique

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31
Q

Cerebral crus

A

Major motor pathway from the cerebrum - includes corticospinal, corticobulbar and corticopontine neurons

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32
Q

Corticobulbar tract

A

Cell bodies in precentral gyrus; axons pass through internal capsule and cerebral crus to reach the motor neurons in the bulb (brain stem)

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33
Q

Corticospinal tract

A

Cell bodies located in the cerebral cortex; axons pass through the internal capsule, cerebral crus, basilar pons, pyramids to form the ventral and lateral corticospinal tract in the spinal cord

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34
Q

Corticopontine tract

A

Cell bodies located in the cerebral cortex; axons pass through the internal capsule and cerebral crus to terminate on pontine nuclei

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35
Q

Substantia nigra

A

Black substance (neuromelanin) located dorsal to cerebral crus; contains cell bodies of nigrostriatal neurons

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36
Q

Red nucleus

A

Located in tegmentum of the pons; input from the cerebellum and cerebral cortex; gives rise to rubrospinal tract, etc

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37
Q

Trochlear nucleus

A

Cell bodies of the trochlear nerve that innervates the superior oblique muscle; usually seen located below the inferior colliculus

38
Q

Decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle

A

The cerebello-rubro-thalamic fibers of the superior colliculus cross in the rostral midbrain and terminate in the red nucleus and the ventral lateral thalamic nuclei

39
Q

Middle cerebellar peduncle

A

Connects the pons with the cerebellum; contains the pontocerebellar fibers whose cell bodies are in the contralateral basilar pons

40
Q

Superior cerebellar peduncle

A

Found in roof of fourth ventricle, continues through the midbrain where it decussates; cerebello-rubro-thalamic fibers terminate in the contralateral red nucleus the ventral lateral thalamic nucleus; contains ventral spinocerebellar fibers

41
Q

Basilar pons

A

Location of pontine nuclei; pontine nuclei receive input from corticopontine fibers and give rise to the pontocerebellar fibers of the middle cerebellar peduncle; corticobulbar and corticospinal fibers traverse the basilar pons to terminate in the bulb (brain stem) or spinal cord

42
Q

Pontine nuclei

A

Located in basilar pons; give rise to the pontocerebellar fibers of the middle cerebellar peduncle

43
Q

Trigeminal motor nucleus

A

Motor nucleus to the muscles of mastication; located medial to the trigeminal main sensory nucleus

44
Q

Corticospinal, corticobulbar, corticopontine tracts

A

All arise from the pyramidal cells of the cerebral cortex; corticospinal fibers terminate in the spinal cord; corticobulbar fibers terminate on cranial nerve nuclei; corticopontine fibers terminate on pontine nuclei

45
Q

Pontocerebellar tract

A

Pontine nuclei in the basilar pons give rise pontocerebellar fibers that constitute the middle cerebellar peduncle

46
Q

Middle cerebellar peduncle

A

Connects the pons with the cerebellum; contains the pontocerebellar fibers whose cell bodies are in the contralateral basilar pons

47
Q

Superior cerebellar peduncle

A

Found in roof of fourth ventricle, continues through the midbrain where it decussates; cerebello-rubro-thalamic fibers terminate in the contralateral red nucleus the ventral lateral thalamic nucleus; contains ventral spinocerebellar fibers

48
Q

Abducens nucleus

A

Motor nucleus associated with the facial colliculus; motor neurons to the superior oblique muscle

49
Q

Facial motor nucleus

A

Motor nucleus innervating the muscles of facial expression

50
Q

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

A

Contains numerous afferent and efferent fibers for the cerebellum; dorsal spinocerebellar tract, olivocerebellar fibers, vestibulocerebellar fibers, reticulocerebellar fibers, cerebello-vestibular, cerebello-reticular, etc

51
Q

Hypoglossal nucleus

A

Contains cell bodies of hypoglossal nerve that innervates tongue musculature

52
Q

Nucleus ambiguus

A

Motor nucleus for the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves; also contains some preganglionic parasympathetic neurons that innervate the heart

53
Q

Vestibular nuclei

A

Located in the floor of the fourth ventricle; site of termination of vestibular nerve; gives rise to medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) and vestibulospinal tract

54
Q

Inferior olivary nucleus

A

Contains cell bodies of olivocerebellar neurons that cross to the contralateral cerebellar hemisphere

55
Q

Olivocerebellar fibers

A

Originate from the contralateral inferior olivary nucleus

56
Q

Lateral cuneate nucleus

A

Unconscious proprioception from upper limb; receives input from cuneate fasciculus; contains cell bodies of cuneocerebellar fibers that reach the cerebellum via the inferior cerebellar peduncle

57
Q

Inferior olivary nucleus

A

Contains cell bodies of olivocerebellar neurons that cross to the contralateral cerebellar hemisphere

58
Q

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

A

Contains numerous afferent and efferent fibers for the cerebellum; dorsal spinocerebellar tract, olivocerebellar fibers, vestibulocerebellar fibers, reticulocerebellar fibers, cerebello-vestibular, cerebello-reticular, etc

59
Q

Pyramids

A

Contains the corticospinal fibers from the ipsilateral cerebral cortex

60
Q

Pyramidal decussation

A

Located at the junction of the caudal medulla and spinal cord; most fibers cross and form the lateral corticospinal tract in the lateral funiculus, while the remaining fibers continue as the ventral corticospinal tract and cross in the ventral white commissure before terminating in the contralateral ventral horn

61
Q

Accessory nucleus

A

Motor nucleus innervating the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles

62
Q

Lateral column

A

Contains the lateral corticospinal tract; spinothalamic tract and dorsal and ventral spinothalamic tracts are also present

63
Q

Ventral column

A

Contains the ventral corticospinal tract, the medial longitudinal fasciculus in the cervical region, and vestibulospinal, reticulospinal, etc tracts involved with reflex activity

64
Q

Ventral white commissure

A

Site of crossing of the ventral spinothalamic tract as well as the spinothalamic fibers

65
Q

Dorsal horn

A

Sensory horn of the spinal cord; neurons give rise to ascending sensory pathways

66
Q

Intermediate gray

A

Located between the dorsal and ventral horns

67
Q

Ventral horn

A

Motor horn of the spinal cord; neurons give rise to lower motor neurons (alpha and gamma motor neurons)

68
Q

Corticospinal tract, lateral

A

Motor fibers located in the lateral funiculus

69
Q

Corticospinal tract, ventral

A

Motor fibers located in the ventral funiculus

70
Q

Spinocerebellar tract, dorsal

A

Unconscious proprioceptive neurons that arise from the ipsilateral Clarke’s nucleus (nucleus dorsalis) (L2-C8) and ascend to the cerebellum

71
Q

Spinocerebellar tract, ventral

A

Unconscious proprioceptive neurons that arise from cells in the posterior horn that cross to the contralateral side and ascend to the cerebellum

72
Q

Clark’s nucleus (nucleus dorsalis)

A

Contains the cell bodies of neurons that give rise to the ipsilateral dorsal spinocerebellar tract

73
Q

Lateral motor cell column

A

Column of motor neurons in the ventral horn that innervate primarily the appendicular muscles

74
Q

Medial motor cell column

A

Column of motor neurons in the ventral horn that innervate primarily the axial muscles

75
Q

Corticospinal tract, lateral

A

Motor fibers located in the lateral funiculus

76
Q

Spinocerebellar tract (ventral)

A

Unconscious proprioceptive neurons that arise from cells in the posterior horn that cross to the contralateral side and ascend to the cerebellum

77
Q

Spinocerebellar tract (dorsal)

A

Unconscious proprioceptive neurons that arise from the ipsilateral Clarke’s nucleus (nucleus dorsalis) (L2-C8) and ascend to the cerebellum

78
Q

Posterior lobe

A

That part of the cerebellum between the primary fissure and the posterolateral fissure

79
Q

Tonsil

A

Part of posterior lobe located near the foramen magnum

80
Q

Posterolateral fissure

A

Separates the flocculonodular lobe from the posterior lobe

81
Q

Flocculonodular lobe

A

That part of the cerebellum primarily concerned with vestibular function (balance)

82
Q

Anterior lobe

A

That part of the cerebellum anterior to the primary fissure

83
Q

Primary fissure

A

Separates the anterior lobe from the posterior lobe

84
Q

Posterior lobe

A

That part of the cerebellum between the primary fissure and the posterolateral fissure

85
Q

Vermal zone

A

Area on either side of the midline; involved in control of axial musculature

86
Q

Paravermal zone

A

Area on either side lateral to the vermal area; involved in motor control

87
Q

Lateral zone

A

Area lateral to the paravermal area; receives major input from pontocerebellar neuron, and Purkinje cells in the lateral hemispheres project especially to the dentate nucleus; dentato-rubro-thalamic pathway conveys primary output from the cerebellum

88
Q

Cerebellum - Deep nuclei

A

Consist of the dentate, emboliform, globus and fastigial nuclei

89
Q

Superior cerebellar peduncle

A

Major cerebello-rubro-thalamic outflow of the cerebellum; also contains the ventral spinocerebellar tract

90
Q

Decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle

A

Located in the rostral midbrain where the cerebello-rubro-thalamic fibers cross to synapse on the contralateral red nucleus and continue on to terminate in the ventral lateral and ventral anterior thalamic nuclei

Neuro Block 4 (11 decks)

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