Neurohumeral Influences Flashcards

1
Q

Parasympathetic stimulation (CHOLINERGIC) - control located in

A

medulla oblongata

carioinhibitory center

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2
Q

Parasympathetic stimulation (CHOLINERGIC) - via what

A

vagus nerve, cardiac plexus
Innervates SA node, AV node and myocardium
Releases Ach

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3
Q

Parasympathetic stimulation (CHOLINERGIC) - does what

A

slows rate and force of myocardial contraction
decreases myocardial metabolism
causes coronary artery VC

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4
Q

Sympathetic stimulation (ADRENERGIC) - control located in

A

medulla oblongata

cardioacceleratory center

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5
Q

Sympathetic stimulation (ADRENERGIC) - via what

A

cord segments T1-T4, upper thoracic to superior cervical chain ganglia
Innervates SA node, AV node, conduction pathways and myocytes
Releases epinephrine and NE

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6
Q

Sympathetic stimulation (ADRENERGIC) - does what

A

Causes increase in rate and force of myocardial metabolism

Causes coronary artery VD

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7
Q

Sympathetic stimulation (ADRENERGIC) - the skin and peripheral vasculature receive

A

ONLY postganglionic sympathetic innervation

Causes VC of cutaneous arteries, sympathetic inhibition must occur for VD

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8
Q

Drugs that increase sympathetic function

A

sympathomimetics

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9
Q

Drugs that decrease sympathetic function

A

sympatholytics

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10
Q

Baroreceptors (pressoreceptors)

A

main mechanism controlling heart rate

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11
Q

Baroreceptors (pressoreceptors) located where

A

in walls of aortic arch and carotid sinus via vasomotor center

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12
Q

Baroreceptors (pressoreceptors) - Circulatory reflex: responds to changes in

A

blood pressure

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13
Q

Baroreceptors (pressoreceptors) - Circulatory reflex: Increased BP results in

A

parasympathetic stimulation
decreased rate and force of cardiac contraction
sympathetic inhibition, decreased peripheral resistance

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14
Q

Baroreceptors (pressoreceptors) - Circulatory reflex: Decreased BP results in

A

sympathetic stimulation

increased HR and BP and VC of peripheral BVs

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15
Q

Baroreceptors (pressoreceptors) - Circulatory reflex: Increased right atrial pressure causes

A

reflex acceleration of HR

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16
Q

Chemoreceptors are located

A

in the carotid body

17
Q

Chemoreceptors are sensitive to

A

changes in blood chemicals like O2, CO2, lactic acid

18
Q

Chemoreceptors - increased CO2 or decreased O2 or decreased pH (elevated lactic acid) results in

A

increased HR

19
Q

Chemoreceptors - what leads to decrease in HR

A

increase in O2 levels

20
Q

Increased body temp leads to

A

HR increase

21
Q

Decreased body temp leads to

A

HR decrease

22
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

Increased K ions

decreases rate and force of contraction

23
Q

Hyperkalemia - ECG changes

A

widened PR interval and QRS

taller T waves

24
Q

Hypokalemia - ECG changes

A

Decreased K ions
flat T waves, prolonged PR and QT intervals
May progress to ventricular fibrillation!

25
Q

Hypercalcemia

A

Inc Ca

Increases heart actions

26
Q

Hypocalcemia

A

Dec Ca

Depresses heart actions

27
Q

Hypermagnesemia

A

Inc Mg

Ca blocker - can lead to arryhthmias or cardiac arrest

28
Q

Hypomagnesemia

A

Dec Mg

causes ventricular arrhythmias, coronary artery vasospasm, and sudden death

29
Q

Peripheral resistance - increased leads to what

A

increased arterial volume and pressure

30
Q

Peripheral resistance - decreased leads to what

A

decreased arterial volume and pressure

31
Q

Peripheral resistance - influenced by

A

arterial blood volume - viscosity of blood and diameter of arterioles and capillaries