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NPTE Cardio and Lymph > Heart and Circulation > Flashcards

Heart and Circulation Flashcards

1
Q

Pericardium

A

fibrous protective sac enclosing the heart

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2
Q

Epicardium

A

inner layer of pericardium

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3
Q

Myocardium

A

heart muscle

major portion of the heart

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4
Q

Endocardium

A

smooth lining of the inner surface and cavities of the heart

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5
Q

Right atrium receives blood from

A

systemic circulation

from SVC and IVC

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6
Q

Right ventricle receives blood from

A

RA and pumps blood via pulmonary artery to the lungs for oxygenation
low pressure pulmonary pump

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7
Q

Left atrium receives blood from

A

oxygenated blood from lungs and four pulmonary veins

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8
Q

Left ventricle receives blood from

A

LA and pumps blood via aorta throughout the entire systemic circulation
high pressure system pump

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9
Q

Valves provide

A

one way flow of blood

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10
Q

AV valves prevent

A

backflow of blood into atria during ventricular systole
anchored by chordae tendinae to papillary mm
valves close when ventricular walls contract

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11
Q

AV valves are what

A

Tricuspid - RIGHT

Mitral or Bicuspid - LEFT

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12
Q

Semilunar valves are what

A

Pulmonary valve - prevents RIGHT backflow

Aortic valve - prevents LEFT backflor

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13
Q

Semilunar valves prevent

A

backflow of blood from aorta and pulmonary arteries into ventricles during diastole

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14
Q

Systole is the period of

A

ventricular contraction

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15
Q

Systolic volume is the amount of blood in

A

the ventricles after systole

about 50 mL

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16
Q

Diastole is the period of

A

ventricular relaxation and filling of blood

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17
Q

End diastolic volume is the amount of blood in

A

the ventricles after diasole

about 120 mL

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18
Q

Atrial contraction (atrial kick) happens when

A

during the last third of diastole and completes ventricular filling
comprising last 20-30% of end diastolic volume

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19
Q

Arteries - arise from

A

directly from aorta near aortic valve

blood circulates to myocardium during diastole

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20
Q

Right coronary artery supplies what

A 
right atrium
most of right ventricle
inferior wall of the left ventricle 
AV node and bundle of his 
SA node 60% of the time
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21
Q

Left coronary artery supplies what

A

most of left ventricle

TWO MAIN DIVISIONS - left anterior descending and circumflex

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22
Q

LCA - Left anterior descending supplies

A

left ventricle
IV septum
Inferior areas of apex

23
Q

LCA - circumflex supplies blood to the

A

lateral and inferior wall of left ventricle
portions of left atrium
SA node 40$ of time

24
Q

Veins - the coronary sinus receives venous blood from ___ and empties into ___

A

Receives from heart

Empties into RA

25
Q

SA node is located where

A

at junction of SVC and RA

26
Q

Main pacemaker of the heart is what

A

SA node

initiates the impulse at rate of 60-100 bpm

27
Q

SA node has what kind of innervation

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

affecting both HR and strength of contraction

28
Q

AV node is located where

A

at junction of RA and RV

29
Q

AV node innervation

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

30
Q

AV node - intrinsic firing rate of

A

40-60 bpm

31
Q

AV nodes merges with what

A

Bundle of His

32
Q

Right and left bundle branches of the AV node are located

A

on either side of interventricular septum
Terminate in purkinje fibers
Intrinsic firing of 20-40 bpm

33
Q

Myocardial muscle tissue is

A

striated mm fibers with numerous mitochondria
rhythmicity of contraction
fibers contract as a functional unit

34
Q

Myocardial metabolism is

A

aerobic sustained by continuous O2 delivery from coronary arteries

35
Q

Stroke volume

A

the amount of blood ejected with each myocardial contraction

55-100 mL/beat

36
Q

Stroke volume is influenced by

A

Left ventricular end diastolic volume
Contractility
Afterload

37
Q

Stroke volume is influenced by - Left ventricular end diastolic volume

A

the amount of blood left in the ventricle at the end of diastole (AKA preload)

38
Q

Stroke volume is influenced by - contractility

A

the ability of the ventricle to contract

39
Q

Stroke volume is influenced by - afterload

A

the force the LV must generate during systole to overcome aortic pressure to open the aortic valve

40
Q

Cardiac output

A

the amount of blood discharged from the left or right ventricle per minute
4-5 L per minute

41
Q

CO is determined by

A

HR x SV

42
Q

Cardiac index is

A

CO divided by body surface area

2.5-3.5 L/min

43
Q

Left ventricular end diastolic volume

A

pressure in the LV during diastole

5-12 mmHg

44
Q

Ejection fraction

A

percentage of blood emptied from ventricle during systole

Useful measure of LV function

45
Q

Calculating EF

A

SV/left ventricular end diastolic volume

46
Q

EF norm

A

more than 55%

the lower it is, the more impaired the LV

47
Q

Atrial filling pressure

A

the difference between the venous and arterial pressures

48
Q

Right atrial filling pressure is affected by

A

changes in intrathoracic pressure
Decreased with inspiration
Increased with forced expiration

49
Q

Right atrial filling pressure is decreased during

A

strong ventricular contraction and atrial filling is enhanced

50
Q

Venous return increases when ___ and decreases with what

A

Increases when blood volume expands

Decreases during hypovolemic shock

51
Q

Diastolic filling time decreases with

A

increased HR and with heart disease

52
Q

Myocardial oxygen demand (MVO2) represents

A

the energy cost to the myocardium

53
Q

Myocardial oxygen demand is clinically measured how

A

HR x SBP

Known as rate pressure produce (RPP)

54
Q

Myocardial oxygen demand increases with

A

activity and with HR and/or BP

NPTE Cardio and Lymph (9 decks)

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