Neurohistology

Question 1

Glia

Answer 1

Support cells that help in conduction speed, repair, and NT maintenance.

Question 2

Neuropil

Answer 2

Network of interwoven nerve fibers and their branches and synapses, together w/ glia. Connects them both.

Question 3

Function of dendrite spines:

Answer 3

To increase surface area

Question 4

Look of nissl substance/bodies

Answer 4

Large, basophilic masses of free polysomes and RER.

Question 5

Where are excitatory/inhibitory stimuli initiated?

Answer 5

Initial segment

Question 6

Terminal arborization

Answer 6

Distal end of axon

Question 7

Collateral branches

Answer 7

Branches of terminal arborization

Question 8

Telodendria

Answer 8

Dilation of branch ends and contact postsynaptic cell.

Question 9

Most common type of neuron

Answer 9

Multipolar

Question 10

Where are bipolar neurons found?

Answer 10

In retina, olfactory mucosa, and inner ear

Question 11

Where are uni/pseudounipolar neurons found?

Answer 11

DRG and cranial ganglia

Question 12

Anaxonic neurons

Answer 12

Neurons in CNS that do not make APs, but regulate local electrical changes of adjacent neurons.

Question 13

Anterograde transport

Answer 13

Carries material from nerve body to periphery

Question 14

Retrograde transport

Answer 14

Carries material from axon terminal and dendrites to cell body.

Question 15

Rate of slow transport:

Fast transport:

Answer 15

Slow - 0.2 to 4 mm/day. Anterograde only.

Fast - 20-400 mm/day. Anterograde and retrograde.

Question 16

Glial fibrillary acid protein

Answer 16

Proteins that reinforce the proximal regions of astrocytes with intermediate fibers.

Question 17

Perivascular feet

Answer 17

Processes of astrocytes that cover endothelium and modulate blood flow and provide nutrients, metabolites, wastes, between neurons and capillaries.

Question 18

Oligodendrocytes

Schwann cells

Answer 18

CNS. From neuroepithelium.

PNS. Fron NCC.

Question 19

Ependymal cells

Answer 19

Columnar or cuboidal cells that line the ventricles and facilitate in movement of CSF and absorption.

Question 20

Choroid plexus

Answer 20

Folded and highly vascularized tissue in roofs of 3rd and 4th ventricles.
Removes water from BVs and releases it as CSF.

Question 21

Microglia

Answer 21

Less in number than oligos or astrocytes.
Migratory.
Involved in immune defense in CNS.
From monocytes.

Question 22

Central canal

Answer 22

Continuous w/ ventricles within SC and contains CSF.

Question 23

Layers of cerebellar cortex (3)

Answer 23

Molecular layer
Purkinje cells
Granular layer

Question 24

What is within the molecular layer?

Answer 24

Neurpil and scattered cell bodies.

Question 25

What is the function of the Purkinje cell layer?

Answer 25

To extend dendrites throughout the molecular layer.

Question 26

What is within the granular layer?

Answer 26

Small, densely packed neurons and a little neuorpil.

Question 27

What is the archicortex?

Answer 27

The biologically older parts of the cerebral cortex and it is arranged in 3 layers.

Question 28

Neocortex and its layers (6)

Answer 28

Majority of cortex. Has 6 layers:
Pyramidal cells
Granule (stellate) cells
Cells of Martinotti
Fusiform cells
Horizontal cells of Cajal

Question 29

What part of the hippocampus and dentate gyrus considered to be?

Answer 29

Archicortex. Part of the limbic system (learning, memory, social skills, etc).

Question 30

Hippocampus layers (3)

Answer 30

Polymorphic layer
Middle pyramidal layer
Molecular layer

Question 31

Dentate gyrus layers (3)

Answer 31

Polymorphic layer
Middle granule cell layer
Molecular layer

Question 32

Mossy cells

Answer 32

Multipolar neurons in the hilus between hippocampus and dentate gyrus

Question 33

Amyloid plaques

Answer 33

Amorphous, pink masses in cortex. Found in patients w/ AD.

Question 34

Neurofibrillary tangles

Answer 34

Bunches of tau protein in patients with AD.