Neurohistology Flashcards
the nervous system is divided into two parts. ___ and ___
CNS
PNS
Cell body containing the nucleus
Perikaryon
Sensory; highly branched tapering processes which either end in specialized sensory receptors or form synapses with neighboring neurones
Dendrites
Motor; cylindrical process terminating on other neurones or effector organs by way of smaller branches / swellings called as terminal boutons
Axon
T or F:
The cytoplasm of the cell body contains large aggregations of Rough endoplasmic reticulum–NISSL’s substancewhich extends into the dendrites
T
Numerous dendrites project from the cell body
Multipolar
Only a single dendrite which arises from the pole of the cell body opposite to the origin of the axon
Bipolar
A single dendrite and axon arise from a common stem of the cell body
Pseudounipolar
T or F
All SENSORY neurons and association neurons are Multipolar
F
All MOTOR neurons and association neurons are Multipolar
T or F All MOTOR neurons are Pseudounipolar Except MOTOR neurons of special senses classified as Bipolar
F
All SENSORY neurons are Pseudounipolar Except SENSORY neurons of special senses classified as Bipolar
Highly specialized intercellular junctions which allow communicationby linking neurones of each nervous pathway
Synapses
T or F
The mechanism of conduction of the nerve impulse involves the release from MULTIPLE neurone of a chemical neurotransmitter which then diffuses across a narrow intercellular space to induce excitation or inhibition in the other neurone or effector cell
F
The mechanism of conduction of the nerve impulse involves the release from ONE neurone of a chemical neurotransmitterwhich then diffuses across a narrow intercellular space to induce excitation or inhibition in the other neurone or effector cell
In ______ disease an early pathological feature is loss of synapsesfrom the Hippocampus and Cerebrum; the synapses mediating neurotransmission are affected; acetylcholine is rapidly destroyed once secreted by cholinesterases
Alzheimer’s
______ of skeletal muscles have the same basic structure as other synapses; one motor neurone may innervate from a few to more than a thousand muscle fibers
Motor end plates
Most common primary disorder of neuromuscular transmission; patients develop fatigue and muscle weakness
Myasthenia gravis
What syndrome shows that there is an immune mediated destruction of myelin in the PNS; illness is often trigerred by an infection
Guillain-Barre syndrome
Coverings of Nerves?
Endoneurium
Perineurium
Epineurium
Group of neurons outside the CNS
Ganglion
T or F
Injured fibers in Peripheral nerves have a good capacity for regeneration and return of function
T
Onset of Regeneration is accompanied by changes in the ______
Perikaryon
_____ cells proliferate, forming a solid cellular column that is distal to the injury and that remains attached to the effector cell
Schwann
T or F
Degeneration is successful if the sprouting axon penetrates a Schwann cell column and reestablishes contact with the effector cell
F
REGENERATION is successful…
